Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cause of cancer worldwide and is the thirteenth leading cause of cancer mortality. The non-muscle invasive (NMI) variant represents 75% of cases and has a mortality rate of less than 1%; however, it has a high recurrence rate. The gold standard of management is transurethral resection in the case of new lesions. However, this is associated with significant morbidity and costs, so the reduction of these procedures would contribute to reducing complications, morbidity, and the burden to the health system associated with therapy. In this clinical scenario, strategies such as active surveillance have emerged that propose to manage low-risk BC with follow-up; however, due to the low evidence available, this is a strategy that is underutilized by clinicians. On the other hand, in the era of biomarkers, it is increasingly known how to use them as a tool in BC. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide to clinical practitioners the evidence available to date on AS and the potential role of biomarkers in this therapeutic strategy in patients with low-grade/risk NMIBC. This is the first review linking use of biomarkers and active surveillance, including 29 articles.

中文翻译：

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非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的主动监测，生物标志物的潜在作用：系统评价

膀胱癌 (BC) 是全球第十大常见癌症原因，也是癌症死亡的第十三大原因。非肌肉侵入性 (NMI) 变异占 75% 的病例，死亡率低于 1%；然而，它的复发率很高。治疗的金标准是在出现新病变的情况下进行经尿道切除术。然而，这与显着的发病率和费用相关，因此减少这些手术将有助于减少并发症、发病率以及与治疗相关的卫生系统的负担。在这种临床情况下，出现了主动监测等策略，建议通过随访来管理低风险 BC；然而，由于现有证据较少，临床医生没有充分利用这一策略。另一方面，在生物标志物时代，人们越来越了解如何将其用作BC的工具。因此，本次综述的目的是向临床医生提供迄今为止关于 AS 的可用证据，以及生物标志物在低级别/风险 NMIBC 患者治疗策略中的潜在作用。这是第一篇将生物标志物的使用与主动监测联系起来的综述，包括 29 篇文章。