In electric vehicles, the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) function is often performed by a heat pump. Heating and cooling the cabin air drains energy directly from the vehicle's battery. In addition, these vehicles may operate in environments with high level of air pollution. In the cabin, passengers are confined to a small space where particles and harmful gases can accumulate. In addition, the ventilation system must also handle the air which does not enter the cabin through blower operation. This “infiltration” is a function of the vehicle speed and allows pollution to enter the cabin without being filtered or thermally treated. The objective of the study is to optimize the competing goals of the HVAC system: achieving the best air quality while maintaining good thermal comfort, at minimum energy costs. A system simulation tool is calibrated to represent the heating and cooling of an electric car. With this model, the influence of key factors is evaluated. Depending on ambient conditions and other parameters (number of occupants, vehicle speed, etc.), the blower flow rate and recirculation ratio can be adjusted to reach the objectives. The management of the proportion of fresh and recirculated air allows to regulate the humidity and carbon dioxide levels. Optimum controls are proposed as good trade-offs to reduce the power consumption, while maintaining a safe and comfortable environment for occupants. Compared to the full fresh air mode, the driving range gains are estimated in cold (−15 °C) and hot (30 °C) scenarios at 9 and 26 km respectively.

中文翻译：

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利用系统仿真优化电动汽车车内空气质量和能耗

在电动汽车中，供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC) 功能通常由热泵执行。加热和冷却车厢空气会直接消耗车辆电池的能量。此外，这些车辆可能在空气污染严重的环境中运行。在机舱内，乘客被限制在一个狭小的空间内，颗粒和有害气体会在那里积聚。此外，通风系统还必须处理通过鼓风机操作未进入机舱的空气。这种“渗透”是车速的函数，允许污染物未经过滤或热处理就进入驾驶室。该研究的目的是优化 HVAC 系统的竞争目标：以最低的能源成本实现最佳空气质量，同时保持良好的热舒适度。系统仿真工具经过校准以代表电动汽车的加热和冷却。通过该模型，可以评估关键因素的影响。根据环境条件和其他参数（乘员数量、车速等），可以调节鼓风机流量和再循环比以达到目标。对新鲜空气和再循环空气比例的管理可以调节湿度和二氧化碳水平。提出最佳控制作为减少功耗的良好权衡，同时为居住者维持安全舒适的环境。与完全新鲜空气模式相比，在寒冷（-15°C）和炎热（30°C）场景下的行驶里程增益分别为 9 公里和 26 公里。