With the rapid advancements in information technologies such as 5G and cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expanding across various domains, such as smart transportation and smart homes. However, with the proliferation of IoT devices, network attacks on user privacy and security are also increasing. Ensuring data privacy and security has become a critical challenge. However, conventional block ciphers are inapplicable for resource-constrained IoT devices that require low power consumption and real-time response. With advantages such as simpler structures, higher efficiency, and lower overheads, lightweight block ciphers have become an important research avenue for IoT ciphers. This paper summarizes the development of lightweight block ciphers and categorizes the ciphers into six types based on their structures. The software and hardware implementations of lightweight block ciphers are evaluated using multi-dimensional criteria. An in-depth discussion is conducted on security, resource, and performance trade-offs. Additionally, cryptanalysis results, including impossible differentials, integrals, and others, are analyzed. Finally, future perspectives on research directions of lightweight block ciphers are presented.

中文翻译：

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适用于资源受限环境的轻量级分组密码：全面调查

随着5G、云计算等信息技术的快速发展，物联网应用正在向智能交通、智能家居等各个领域拓展。然而，随着物联网设备的激增，针对用户隐私和安全的网络攻击也日益增多。确保数据隐私和安全已成为一项关键挑战。然而，传统的分组密码不适用于需要低功耗和实时响应的资源受限的物联网设备。轻量级分组密码具有结构更简单、效率更高、开销更低等优点，已成为物联网密码的重要研究方向。本文总结了轻量级分组密码的发展，并根据其结构将密码分为六种类型。使用多维标准评估轻量级分组密码的软件和硬件实现。对安全性、资源和性能权衡进行了深入讨论。此外，还分析了密码分析结果，包括不可能的微分、积分等。最后，提出了轻量级分组密码研究方向的未来展望。