A multi-level study was performed on the vegetative and reproductive organs of L. (Lamiaceae), cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northen Italy). This work is part of the project , intended to preserve and enhance the plant heritage hosted at the study site. The multidisciplinary research combined four approaches: I) micromorphological, to describe the structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; II) histochemical, to define the chemical nature of the secretory products by Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy; III) phytochemical, to characterize the Essential Oil obtained from the blooming aerial parts by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, consequently analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; IV) biological, to assess the potential biological activity of the most abundant EO components based on literature data. Overall, presented non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The former were multicellular stellate or simple uniseriate, the latter capitate belonging to three morphotypes: branched stalked with a one-celled head, simple short-stalked with a one(two)-celled head, simple medium-stalked with a four-celled head. For the first time, the histochemical survey reported digital images showing a predominant terpenes secretion by the branched-stalked and simple medium capitates, while the simple short hairs were responsible for the secretion of mucopolysaccharides and acid polysaccharides. The EO profile revealed 50 compounds and was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.1 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.6 %), with -curcumene (24.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (22.5 %) and α-cedrene (12.8 %) as most representative compounds. Finally, based on literature data, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were hypothesized.

中文翻译：

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GE Ghirardi 植物园（意大利北部伦巴第）栽培的Phlomis fruticosa L. 的微形态和植物化学见解

对在 GE Ghirardi 植物园（托斯科拉诺马代尔诺，布雷西亚，意大利北部）种植的 L.（唇形科）的营养和生殖器官进行了多层次研究。这项工作是该项目的一部分，旨在保护和增强研究地点的植物遗产。这项多学科研究结合了四种方法：I）微形态学，描述负责次级代谢产物生产力的结构； II) 组织化学，通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜确定分泌产物的化学性质； III) 植物化学，通过使用Clevenger型装置通过水蒸馏从开花的地上部分获得的精油进行表征，然后通过气相色谱-质谱法进行分析； IV) 生物学，根据文献数据评估最丰富的EO组分的潜在生物活性。总体而言，呈现非腺体和腺体毛状体。前者为多细胞星状或简单单列，后者头状属于三种形态类型：分枝柄单细胞头、简单短柄单（二）细胞头、单中柄四细胞头。组织化学调查首次报告了数字图像，显示分枝柄和简单的中等头状体主要分泌萜类，而简单的短毛则负责粘多糖和酸性多糖的分泌。 EO谱显示了50种化合物，主要是倍半萜烃(51.1%)和氧化倍半萜(33.6%)，其中姜黄烯(24.3%)、石竹烯氧化物(22.5%)和α-雪松烯(12.8%)是最具代表性的化合物。最后，根据文献数据，推测其抗菌、抗氧化和抗炎特性。