Rigid polyurethane (RPU) is widely used as an insulation material for construction; however, it induces the production of toxic gases in the case of a fire. Thus, the development of RPU with enhanced flame retardancy is required. In this study, a series of flame retardancy evaluation methods are presented, ranging from a property-based method to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method combined with a pilot-scale experiment (PSE). The reliability of the CFD numerical analysis was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R), and flame-retardant performance was evaluated by comparing the CFD results with the life safety assessment represented by the available safe escape time (ASET). Case studies based on these methods revealed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the RPU1/IFR sample, which was structurally stable and incorporated an intumescent flame retardant was reduced by 243% compared to RPU0, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 18%. In addition, CFD analysis showed that the ASET of RPU0 was 314 s shorter than that of RPU1/IFR. Based on the results of this study, we propose a new safety management system for fire safety using the comparative results of experiments measuring the flame retardancy of RPU and numerical analysis.

中文翻译：

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聚氨酯阻燃性能评价实验与模拟研究

硬质聚氨酯（RPU）广泛用作建筑保温材料；然而，一旦发生火灾，它会产生有毒气体。因此，需要开发具有增强阻燃性的RPU。在这项研究中，提出了一系列阻燃性评估方法，从基于性能的方法到与中试规模实验（PSE）相结合的计算流体动力学（CFD）数值方法。使用决定系数（R）评估CFD数值分析的可靠性，并通过将CFD结果与可用安全逃逸时间（ASET）代表的生命安全评估进行比较来评估阻燃性能。基于这些方法的案例研究表明，结构稳定且掺入膨胀型阻燃剂的 RPU1/IFR 样品的峰值放热率 (PHRR) 比 RPU0 降低了 243%，极限氧指数 (LOI) 降低为 18%。此外，CFD分析表明RPU0的ASET比RPU1/IFR短314 s。基于本研究的结果，我们利用 RPU 阻燃性实验测量结果和数值分析的比较结果，提出了一种新的消防安全管理系统。