The need to reduce the carbon footprint of conventional energy sources has made green hydrogen a promising solution for the energy transition. The most environmentally friendly way to produce hydrogen is through water-based production using renewable energy. However, the availability of fresh water is limited, so switching to wastewater instead of fresh water is the key solution to this problem. In response to this issue, the present review reports the main findings of the research studies dealing with the feasibility of hydrogen production from wastewater using various technologies, including biological, electrochemical, and advanced oxidation routes. These methods have been studied in a large number of experiments with the aim of investigating and improving the potential of each method. On the other hand, the maturity of solar energy technologies has led researchers to focus on the possibility of harnessing this source and combining it with wastewater treatment techniques for the production of green hydrogen. Therefore, the present review pays special attention to solar driven hydrogen production from wastewater, by highlighting the potential of several technologies for simultaneous water treatment and green hydrogen production from wastewater. Recent results, limitations, challenges, possible improvements and techno-economic assessments reported by several authors, as well as future directions of research and industrial implementation in this field are reported.

中文翻译：

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废水制氢：传统技术和太阳能技术的全面回顾

减少传统能源碳足迹的需要使绿氢成为能源转型的有前途的解决方案。最环保的氢气生产方式是使用可再生能源进行水基生产。然而，淡水的供应量有限，因此用废水代替淡水是解决这一问题的关键。针对这一问题，本综述报告了有关使用各种技术（包括生物、电化学和高级氧化路线）从废水中生产氢气的可行性的研究的主要结果。这些方法已经通过大量实验进行了研究，目的是研究和提高每种方法的潜力。另一方面，太阳能技术的成熟促使研究人员关注利用太阳能并将其与废水处理技术相结合来生产绿色氢气的可能性。因此，本综述特别关注太阳能驱动的废水制氢，强调了同时进行水处理和废水绿色制氢的几种技术的潜力。报告了几位作者报告的最新结果、局限性、挑战、可能的改进和技术经济评估，以及该领域的研究和工业实施的未来方向。