Kawasaki disease has been described across the globe, although publications from Africa are limited. To our knowledge, there are no publications on Kawasaki disease from Kenya, which triggered this report. A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to identify in-patients with a discharge diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, over 2 different 5-year periods, at two pediatric hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. We reviewed the medical records of all patients and report their clinical findings, diagnostic workup and treatment. In addition, we undertook a detailed review of the literature. Twenty-three patients with Kawasaki disease were identified, of those 12 (52.2%) had incomplete disease. The mean age was 2.3 years (SD+/-2.2) (range 0.3–10.3) with a male to female ratio of 1:1. The mean duration of fever at diagnosis was 8.3 days (SD+/-4.7) (range 2–20). Oral changes were the most common clinical feature and conjunctivitis the least common. Thrombocytosis at diagnosis was seen in 52% (12/23). Twenty-one patients (91.3%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and all except 1 received aspirin. Baseline echocardiograms were performed in 95.7% (22/23) and found to be abnormal in 3 (13.6%). Follow-up data was limited. Our literature review identified 79 publications with documented cases of Kawasaki disease in children from 22 countries across the African continent with a total of 1115 patients including those from this report. Only 153 reported cases, or 13.7%, are from sub-Saharan Africa. This is the first publication on Kawasaki disease from Kenya and one of the largest reports from sub-Saharan Africa. It is the first to have a complete review of the number of published cases from the African continent. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease in many African countries include disease awareness, infectious confounders, access and cost of intravenous immunoglobulin, access to pediatric echocardiography and follow-up. Increasing awareness and health care resources are important for improving outcomes of Kawasaki disease in Africa.

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肯尼亚川崎病及非洲文献综述

尽管非洲的出版物有限，但全球各地都对川崎病进行了描述。据我们所知，目前还没有关于肯尼亚川崎病的出版物，因此引发了本报告。一项回顾性横断面研究旨在确定肯尼亚内罗毕两家儿科医院在 2 个不同的 5 年时间段内出院诊断为川崎病的住院患者。我们审查了所有患者的医疗记录并报告他们的临床发现、诊断检查和治疗。此外，我们还对文献进行了详细回顾。确定了 23 名川崎病患者，其中 12 名（52.2%）患有不完全疾病。平均年龄为 2.3 岁 (SD+/-2.2)（范围 0.3-10.3），男女比例为 1:1。诊断时发烧的平均持续时间为 8.3 天 (SD+/-4.7)（范围 2-20）。口腔变化是最常见的临床特征，结膜炎是最不常见的。 52% (12/23) 诊断时出现血小板增多。 21 名患者（91.3%）接受了静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗，除 1 名患者外，所有患者均接受了阿司匹林治疗。 95.7% (22/23) 的患者进行了基线超声心动图检查，发现 3 例 (13.6%) 的患者出现异常。后续数据有限。我们的文献综述确定了 79 份出版物，记录了来自非洲大陆 22 个国家的儿童川崎病病例，包括本报告中的患者，总共有 1115 名患者。只有 153 例报告病例（即 13.7%）来自撒哈拉以南非洲地区。这是肯尼亚第一份关于川崎病的出版物，也是撒哈拉以南非洲地区最大的报告之一。它是第一个对非洲大陆已公布病例数量进行全面审查的机构。许多非洲国家川崎病诊断和管理面临的挑战包括疾病意识、传染性混杂因素、静脉注射免疫球蛋白的获取和费用、儿科超声心动图的获取和随访。提高认识和医疗保健资源对于改善非洲川崎病的治疗结果非常重要。