The response to COVID-19 generated an unprecedented global demand for medical equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE). This article explores how states have exercised their leverage and used regulatory tools to address human and labour rights violations, mainly forced labour, when procuring PPE. In particular, it analyses three tools used before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: trade import restrictions, transparency in supply chain regulation and public procurement processes. These tools are explored in relation to three states: the US, the UK and Sweden. This article argues that no single system currently provides a comprehensive and adequate response to human rights abuses in public supply chains, but that a combination of all of them in some form could provide the basis for a more effective and resilient approach – not only during a crisis, but also in the longer term, and may prove more capable to address systemic abuse.

中文翻译：

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推、拉、舞：解决公共卫生供应链中劳工虐待问题的方法

针对 COVID-19 的应对措施在全球范围内对医疗设备和个人防护装备 (PPE) 产生了前所未有的需求。本文探讨了各国在采购个人防护装备时如何发挥影响力并使用监管工具来解决侵犯人权和劳工权利的问题，主要是强迫劳动。它特别分析了 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间使用的三种工具：贸易进口限制、供应链监管的透明度和公共采购流程。这些工具针对三个国家进行了探索：美国、英国和瑞典。本文认为，目前没有一个单一的系统能够对公共供应链中的侵犯人权行为提供全面和充分的反应，但所有这些系统以某种形式的组合可以为更有效和更有弹性的方法提供基础 — — 不仅是在危机，而且从长远来看，可能更有能力解决系统性滥用问题。