The flame-retardant performance of carbon fiber reinforced composites serves as a critical metric for structural stability. Nonetheless, the prevalent methodologies for improving the flame retardancy of composites struggle to reconcile the dual objectives of flame retardancy and mechanical robustness, due in part to the constraints imposed by the conventional additive-based approach on the material interface. This study introduced a novel method involving a glass fiber mat, which was augmented with a polyurethane-based treatment integrated with flame-retardant substances, in particular ammonium polyphosphate and nickel hydroxide. This fiber mat was strategically applied to the composite surface, conferring both flame retardancy and enhanced structural resilience. The structure performance and flame retardancy of composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the cone calorimeter test. Experimental comparisons with nontreated controls indicated that the innovative composites exhibited a reduction in total heat release and total smoke production by 13.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Concurrently, a notable enhancement in mechanical properties was observed, with increases of 20.9% and 23.1% for tensile and flexural strength. This well-balanced performance is attributable to the structure design, with toughened glass fiber mats to protect the composite surfaces from structural failure, and flame-retardant agent composition for combustion resistance and smoke suppression. Consequently, the proposed integrative flame-retardant structural design, enriched with specific flame-retardant treatments, offers a promising avenue for fabricating high-performance composite materials with potential utility in the aviation and aerospace sectors.

中文翻译：

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高性能复合材料用阻燃纤维毡的研究：阻燃性和结构性能

碳纤维增强复合材料的阻燃性能是结构稳定性的关键指标。尽管如此，提高复合材料阻燃性的流行方法很难协调阻燃性和机械鲁棒性的双重目标，部分原因是传统的基于添加剂的方法对材料界面施加的限制。这项研究介绍了一种涉及玻璃纤维垫的新方法，该方法通过与阻燃物质（特别是聚磷酸铵和氢氧化镍）相结合的聚氨酯基处理来增强。这种纤维垫被战略性地应用于复合材料表面，赋予阻燃性和增强的结构弹性。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和锥形量热仪测试对复合材料的结构性能和阻燃性能进行了表征。与未经处理的对照的实验比较表明，创新复合材料的总热量释放和总烟雾产生量分别减少了 13.7% 和 18.8%。同时，机械性能显着增强，拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了 20.9% 和 23.1%。这种均衡的性能归功于结构设计，采用增韧玻璃纤维毡来保护复合材料表面免受结构破坏，并采用阻燃剂成分来实现阻燃和抑烟。因此，所提出的集成阻燃结构设计，加上特定的阻燃处理，为制造在航空航天领域具有潜在用途的高性能复合材料提供了一条有前途的途径。