Many food-derived peptides have the potential to improve brain health and slow down neurodegeneration. Peptides are produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from different food sources. These peptides have been shown to be involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, neuro-transmission modulation, and gene expression regulation. Although few peptides directly affect chromatin remodeling and histone alterations, others indirectly affect the neuroprotection process by interfering with epigenetic changes. Fish-derived peptides have shown neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress and improve motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease models. Peptides from milk and eggs have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammation and improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. These peptides are potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, but more study is required to assess their efficacy and the underlying neuroprotective benefits. Consequently, this review concentrated on each mechanism of action used by food-derived peptides that have neuroprotective advantages and applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This article highlights various pathways, such as inflammatory pathways, major oxidant pathways, apoptotic pathways, neurotransmitter modulation, and gene regulation through which food-derived peptides interact at the cellular level.

中文翻译：

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食物源性肽作为有前途的神经保护剂：机制和治疗潜力

许多食物来源的肽具有改善大脑健康和减缓神经退行性变的潜力。肽是通过酶水解不同食物来源的蛋白质产生的。这些肽已被证明参与抗氧化和抗炎活性、神经传递调节和基因表达调节。尽管很少有肽直接影响染色质重塑和组蛋白改变，但其他肽通过干扰表观遗传变化间接影响神经保护过程。鱼源肽已显示出神经保护特性，可减少帕金森病模型中的氧化应激并改善运动功能障碍。研究发现，牛奶和鸡蛋中的肽具有抗炎特性，可以减少阿尔茨海默病模型中的炎症并改善认知功能。这些肽是治疗神经退行性疾病的潜在疗法，但需要更多的研究来评估其功效和潜在的神经保护益处。因此，本综述集中于具有神经保护优势的食物源性肽所使用的每种作用机制以及在治疗神经退行性疾病中的应用。本文重点介绍了食物源性肽在细胞水平上相互作用的各种途径，例如炎症途径、主要氧化剂途径、细胞凋亡途径、神经递质调节和基因调节。