Understanding the historical context of rainfall erosivity enhances comprehension of climate and environmental changes, guiding strategies to address global environmental challenges. However, the understanding of the interplay between modern-era environmental hydrology, climate change, and storm evolution remains limited, despite the pivotal role of storm disasters in global environmental change, especially in inland-basin areas. To address this knowledge gap, we present the longest interannual rainfall erosivity history in France, with a specific focus on the area of Clermont-Ferrand, covering the period 1858–2022. Using the Integrated Rainfall Erosivity Model (IREM) approach, refined with process-based insights and expert knowledge, we analyzed the erosivity data and correlated them with environmental and climatic changes. Our findings indicate a rapid and abrupt change in rainfall erosivity around 1964, which we attribute to the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and a positive phase shift of the Dipole Mode Index. Moreover, the Mann-Kendal statistic demonstrates a significant positive trend in extreme rainfall erosivity (95th percentile) over the entire time-series. A notable finding is the strong coevolution observed between the erosivity density indicator and particulate organic carbon, modulated by multidecadal environmental hydrology in the Rhône River Basin (RRB). These results shed light on the complex interactions among storms, climate, and sediment organic matter, offering insights for environmental management and conservation strategies in the RRB and other regions with similar hydrological characteristics.

中文翻译：

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揭示历史降雨侵蚀力过程及其对法国东部气候和环境水文学的影响

了解降雨侵蚀力的历史背景可以增强对气候和环境变化的理解，指导应对全球环境挑战的战略。然而，尽管风暴灾害在全球环境变化中发挥着关键作用，特别是在内陆盆地地区，但对现代环境水文学、气候变化和风暴演化之间相互作用的了解仍然有限。为了解决这一知识差距，我们介绍了法国最长的年际降雨侵蚀力历史，特别关注克莱蒙费朗地区，涵盖 1858 年至 2022 年期间。我们使用综合降雨侵蚀力模型 (IREM) 方法，并通过基于过程的见解和专家知识进行改进，分析了侵蚀力数据，并将其与环境和气候变化相关联。我们的研究结果表明，1964 年左右降雨侵蚀力发生了快速而突然的变化，我们将其归因于北大西洋涛动的负相位和偶极子模态指数的正相位变化。此外，Mann-Kendal 统计数据表明，在整个时间序列中，极端降雨侵蚀力（第 95 个百分位数）呈显着的正趋势。一个值得注意的发现是，在罗纳河流域 (RRB) 的数十年环境水文学的调节下，侵蚀性密度指标和颗粒有机碳之间观察到了强烈的协同演化。这些结果揭示了风暴、气候和沉积物有机质之间复杂的相互作用，为RRB和具有类似水文特征的其他地区的环境管理和保护战略提供了见解。