So far, seven coronaviruses have emerged in humans. Four recurring endemic coronaviruses cause mild respiratory symptoms. Infections with epidemic Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 are associated with high mortality rates. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To establish an infection, coronaviruses evade restriction by human innate immune defenses, such as the interferon system, autophagy and the inflammasome. Here, we review similar and distinct innate immune manipulation strategies employed by the seven human coronaviruses. We further discuss the impact on pathogenesis, zoonotic emergence and adaptation. Understanding the nature of the interplay between endemic/epidemic/pandemic coronaviruses and host defenses may help to better assess the pandemic potential of emerging coronaviruses.

中文翻译：

---

人类冠状病毒先天免疫逃避策略的异同

迄今为止，人类中已出现七种冠状病毒。四种反复出现的地方性冠状病毒会引起轻微的呼吸道症状。流行性中东呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒或严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV)-1 的感染与高死亡率相关。 SARS-CoV-2 是 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行的病原体。为了建立感染，冠状病毒逃避人类先天免疫防御的限制，例如干扰素系统、自噬和炎症小体。在这里，我们回顾了七种人类冠状病毒所采用的相似和不同的先天免疫操纵策略。我们进一步讨论其对发病机制、人畜共患病的出现和适应的影响。了解地方性/流行性/大流行性冠状病毒与宿主防御之间相互作用的性质可能有助于更好地评估新出现的冠状病毒的大流行潜力。