Textile wastewater accounts for a significant proportion of industrial wastewater worldwide. In particular, dye wastewater accounts for a large proportion and consists of non-degradable dyes, which are substances resistant to biodegradation. Methylene blue is a representative example of such non-degradable dyes. It is not biologically degraded and exhibits toxicity. Various methods for their decomposition are currently being studied. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals that oxidize and degrade pollutants, have been actively studied. Particularly, the photocatalytic degradation method using TiO₂ nanoparticles is one of the most actively studied fields; however, there are still concerns regarding the toxicity of nanoparticles. Research is currently being conducted on AOPs using the cavitation phenomenon of ultrasonic waves. However, achieving high efficiency using existing ultrasonic equipment is difficult. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated a new water treatment technology through AOPs using a focused ultrasonic system with a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic structure. After determining the optimal conditions for degradation, the degradation process was evaluated as a useful tool for mitigating the toxicity of methylene blue. We found that, under the optimal conditions of 100 W intensity at a frequency of 400 kHz, this system is a helpful instrument for degradation and a new water treatment technology suitable for removing ecotoxicity and genotoxicity.

中文翻译：

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用于水处理高级氧化工艺的新型超声波技术

纺织废水在全球工业废水中占有很大比例。特别是染料废水所占比例很大，由不可降解染料组成，属于难以生物降解的物质。亚甲基蓝是此类不可降解染料的代表性例子。它不会被生物降解并表现出毒性。目前正在研究其分解的各种方法。高级氧化过程（AOP）可以产生高活性的羟基自由基，氧化和降解污染物，这一过程已得到积极研究。特别地，使用TiO ₂纳米颗粒的光催化降解方法是研究最活跃的领域之一。然而，人们仍然担心纳米颗粒的毒性。目前正在利用超声波的空化现象对AOP进行研究。然而，利用现有的超声波设备很难实现高效率。因此，在本研究中，我们通过使用具有圆柱形压电陶瓷结构的聚焦超声波系统的 AOP 评估了一种新的水处理技术。在确定最佳降解条件后，评估降解过程作为减轻亚甲基蓝毒性的有用工具。我们发现，在 400 kHz 频率、100 W 强度的最佳条件下，该系统是一种有用的降解工具，也是一种适合消除生态毒性和遗传毒性的新型水处理技术。