Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs) containing therapeutic ions have shown significant promise in the realm of hard and soft tissue repair and regeneration, owing to their multifunctional biological properties. In this study, gallium-incorporated silica-based gallium incorporated MBGNPs (Ga-MBGNPs) with fixed amount of LiO (8 mol %) were synthesized using an emulsion-assisted sol-gel method. The impact of GaO integration into the silicate glass network was evaluated by investigating the microtextural properties. The results confirmed the production of spherical-shaped, nano-sized, amorphous particles with an enhanced specific surface area and ordered hexagonal meso-porosity (10–20 nm) in the developed Ga-MBGNPs. The bioactivity, assessed through hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer formation in simulated body fluid (SBF), over varying time intervals (0, 1, 3, 7, 14 & 21 days), revealed pronounced formation of short rod-like carbonated HAp with increasing immersion time and Ga content in all glasses. However, a delayed apatite formation was observed for composition-dependent Ga-4 and Ga-5 MBGs during the initial incubation periods (1, 3, and 7 days). Further, the presence of Li + ions along with Ga enhanced the apatite deposition when compared with the only Ga inclusion. Evaluation of degradation rate and pH values indicated enhanced apatite formation with lower Ga ion content, while a slight reduction was noted with higher Ga ion content, attributable to the presence of reactive Si–O–Si bonds. Furthermore, analysis using a Zeta potential analyzer confirmed the dispersibility and bioreactivity of all glass powders owing to their higher negative surface charge. Moreover, Ga-MBGNPs exhibited notable antimicrobial effects against both and bacteria due to the release of Ga ions. Overall, the findings suggest that the incorporation of Ga in MBGNPs renders them potential multifunctional candidates for expediting the healing of bone tissue injuries in biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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Ga3+离子对组织工程介孔硅酸锂生物活性玻璃结构、生物和抗菌活性的影响

含有治疗性离子的介孔生物活性玻璃纳米粒子（MBGNP）由于其多功能生物学特性，在硬组织和软组织修复和再生领域显示出巨大的前景。在本研究中，采用乳液辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成了固定量 Li2O（8 mol%）的掺镓二氧化硅基掺镓 MBGNP（Ga-MBGNP）。通过研究微观结构特性来评估 GaO 融入硅酸盐玻璃网络的影响。结果证实，在所开发的 Ga-MBGNP 中，可以产生球形、纳米级、无定形颗粒，具有增强的比表面积和有序的六方介孔性（10-20 nm）。通过在不同的时间间隔（0、1、3、7、14 和 21 天）内模拟体液 (SBF) 中羟基磷灰石 (HAp) 层的形成来评估生物活性，结果表明，随着添加量的增加，短棒状碳酸化 HAp 明显形成。浸泡时间和所有玻璃中的 Ga 含量。然而，在最初的孵育期（1、3 和 7 天）期间，观察到成分依赖性 Ga-4 和 Ga-5 MBG 的磷灰石形成延迟。此外，与仅有Ga夹杂物相比，Li + 离子与Ga一起存在增强了磷灰石沉积。降解速率和 pH 值的评估表明，Ga 离子含量较低时，磷灰石形成增强，而 Ga 离子含量较高时，由于反应性 Si-O-Si 键的存在，磷灰石形成略有减少。此外，使用 Zeta 电位分析仪进行的分析证实了所有玻璃粉末由于其较高的负表面电荷而具有分散性和生物反应性。此外，由于Ga离子的释放，Ga-MBGNPs对细菌表现出显着的抗菌作用。总体而言，研究结果表明，MBGNP 中掺入 Ga 使其成为生物医学应用中加速骨组织损伤愈合的潜在多功能候选者。