In recent years, the continuous advancement of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) in the field of oil and gas production has highlighted the increasingly undeniable challenges posed by low viscosity. Issues such as gravity override, viscous fingering, and poor sand-carrying capacity have become more prominent. The introduction of SC-CO thickeners stands as a promising solution to address current challenges. Despite over fifty years of history in the design of supercritical carbon dioxide thickeners, there is still no effective SC-CO thickener that can be widely applied in the field. Therefore, the future development of supercritical carbon dioxide thickeners remains a topic of significant research interest. This paper reviews the current status, thickening mechanisms, and detailed thickening results of supercritical carbon dioxide thickeners. Special emphasis is placed on the crucial role of thickeners in controlling the flow properties of SC-CO, their practical applications, challenges, and future research directions. The exceptional thickening performance of a novel copolymer and surfactant system incorporating in-situ nanoparticles has been demonstrated. These options present promising choices in both direct and indirect thickeners for supercritical carbon dioxide applications.

中文翻译：

---

超临界二氧化碳稠化剂在油气生产中的发展现状：回顾与展望

近年来，超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO）在油气生产领域的不断进步，凸显了低粘度带来的日益不可否认的挑战。重力超控、指拨粘性、携砂能力差等问题更加突出。 SC-CO 增稠剂的推出是解决当前挑战的一个有前途的解决方案。尽管超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的设计已有五十多年的历史，但仍然没有有效的SC-CO增稠剂可以在该领域广泛应用。因此，超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的未来发展仍然是一个重要的研究课题。本文综述了超临界二氧化碳增稠剂的现状、增稠机理和详细的增稠结果。特别强调增稠剂在控制 SC-CO 流动特性方面的关键作用、其实际应用、挑战和未来的研究方向。新型共聚物和表面活性剂体系结合原位纳米粒子的卓越增稠性能已得到证实。这些选项为超临界二氧化碳应用的直接和间接增稠剂提供了有前景的选择。