Child development is shaped throughout the first years of life through the interaction of genetics and the environment. Bayley-III is valuably used to determine early developmental delay (DD). The aim of this study was to detect the differences in performance of a sample of apparently healthy Egyptian infants and toddlers on the Bayley-III scales in relation to their age and gender. This was a cross-sectional study. Bayley scales were applied to 270 of the 300 recruited children following the inclusion criteria; to avoid potential risk factors affecting development. Assessment included cognitive, language and motor skills. Engaged children aged 18–42 months were divided into 4 age groups with six-month intervals. Approximately 78.4%, 76.2%, and 72% of the participants had average and above average scores in the cognitive, motor, and language domains, respectively. The language domain was characteristically impacted. The oldest age group (36–42 months) scored the highest means composite scores, while the 2nd group aged 24 - <30 months, scored the lowest means in the three evaluated domains. In general, girls had non-significantly higher composite scores than boys, with a small effect size (d = 0.2–0.4). In the language domain, girls aged 30 to < 36 months scored significantly higher composite scores than boys (p < 0.05), with a medium effect size (d = 0.73). The study indicates that the performance of apparently healthy Egyptian children on the Bayley III evaluation differs in relation to age and sex. The most vulnerable age group at potential risk of DD was children aged 24–30 months. Efforts must be directed to investigate the nutritional, physical, psychological and safety needs of this group. Attention must be paid to early childhood intervention programs that stimulate development, especially language development, and they must be tailored on the basis of age and gender. Gender-specific norms may be needed in the evaluation of language development.

中文翻译：

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根据年龄和性别对表面健康的埃及婴儿和幼儿进行贝利-III 量表评估

儿童的发育是在生命的最初几年通过遗传和环境的相互作用而形成的。 Bayley-III 可有效用于确定早期发育迟缓 (DD)。本研究的目的是检测表面健康的埃及婴儿和幼儿样本在贝利-III 量表上的表现与其年龄和性别的差异。这是一项横断面研究。根据纳入标准，对 300 名招募儿童中的 270 名应用了贝利量表；避免影响发展的潜在风险因素。评估包括认知、语言和运动技能。 18-42 个月的订婚儿童被分为 4 个年龄组，每个年龄组的间隔为 6 个月。大约 78.4%、76.2% 和 72% 的参与者在认知、运动和语言领域的得分分别为平均和高于平均水平。语言领域受到了典型的影响。最年长的年龄组（36-42 个月）的平均综合得分最高，而年龄为 24 - <30 个月的第二组在三个评估领域的平均得分最低。一般来说，女孩的综合得分比男孩高，但效果较小（d = 0.2-0.4）。在语言领域，30 至 < 36 个月的女孩的综合得分显着高于男孩 (p < 0.05)，效应大小中等 (d = 0.73)。研究表明，表面上健康的埃及儿童在贝利 III 评估中的表现因年龄和性别而异。最容易罹患 DD 潜在风险的年龄组是 24-30 个月的儿童。必须努力调查该群体的营养、身体、心理和安全需求。必须重视刺激发展特别是语言发展的幼儿干预计划，并且必须根据年龄和性别量身定制。在评估语言发展时可能需要针对特定​​性别的规范。