Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a form of severe acute stroke with very high mortality and disability rates. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with SAH. Currently, some researchers have started to focus on changes in amino acid metabolism that occur in brain tissues after SAH. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is semi-essential in animals, and it plays important roles in various processes, such as neurodevelopment, osmotic pressure regulation, and membrane stabilization. In acute stroke, such as cerebral hemorrhage, taurine plays a neuroprotective role. However, the role of taurine after subarachnoid hemorrhage has rarely been reported. In the present study, we established a mouse model of SAH. We found that taurine administration effectively improved the sensorimotor function of these mice. In addition, taurine treatment alleviated sensorimotor neuron damage and reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, taurine treatment enhanced the polarization of astrocytes toward the neuroprotective phenotype while inhibiting their polarization toward the neurotoxic phenotype. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between taurine and astrocyte polarization and may provide a new strategy for SAH research and clinical treatment.

蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）是一种严重急性中风，死亡率和致残率非常高。早期脑损伤（EBI）和迟发性脑缺血（DCI）导致SAH患者预后不良。目前，一些研究人员开始关注SAH后脑组织中氨基酸代谢的变化。牛磺酸是一种含硫氨基酸，是动物的半必需氨基酸，在神经发育、渗透压调节和膜稳定等多种过程中发挥着重要作用。在急性中风，如脑出血中，牛磺酸发挥神经保护作用。但牛磺酸在蛛网膜下腔出血后的作用鲜有报道。在本研究中，我们建立了 SAH 小鼠模型。我们发现牛磺酸给药有效改善了这些小鼠的感觉运动功能。此外，牛磺酸治疗减轻了感觉运动神经元损伤并降低了凋亡细胞的比例。此外，牛磺酸治疗增强了星形胶质细胞向神经保护表型的极化，同时抑制其向神经毒性表型的极化。该研究首次揭示了牛磺酸与星形胶质细胞极化之间的关系，可能为SAH研究和临床治疗提供新策略。