In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were bioreduced from Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb known for its therapeutic properties against various diseases. Different fractions of the plant extract were used, including the methanolic fraction (ABMF), the n‐hexane fraction (ABHF), the chloroform fraction (ABCF), and the aqueous extract for AuNPs synthesis. The characterization of AuNPs was performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FT‐IR, XRD, EDX, and TEM. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AuNPs, with peaks observed at 555 nm. FT‐IR analysis indicated strong capping of phytochemicals on the surface of AuNPs, which was supported by higher total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in AuNPs. XRD results showed high crystallinity and a smaller size distribution of AuNPs. TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of AuNPs, with an average size of 29 ± 10 nm. The biologically synthesized AuNPs exhibited superior antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities compared to the plant extract fractions. The presence of active biomolecules in A. bracteosa, such as neoclerodan flavonol glycosides, diterpenoids, phytoecdysone, and iridoid glycosides, contributed to the enhanced biological activities of AuNPs. Overall, this research highlights the potential of A. bracteosa‐derived AuNPs for various biomedical applications due to their remarkable therapeutic properties and effective capping by phytochemicals.Research Highlights This research underscores the growing significance of herbal medicine in contemporary healthcare by exploring the therapeutic potential of Ajuga bracteosa and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The study highlights the notable efficacy of A. bracteosa leaf extracts and AuNPs in treating bacterial infections, demonstrating their bactericidal effects on a range of strains. The anti‐inflammatory properties of plant extracts and nanoparticles are evidenced through paw edema method suggesting their applicability in managing inflammatory conditions. These findings position A. bracteosa and AuNPs as potential candidates for alternative and effective approaches to modern medication.

中文翻译：

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闪亮的见解：用先进的显微镜技术破译 Ajuga bracteosa 介导的金纳米颗粒的生物合成

在这项研究中，金纳米粒子（AuNPs）是从牛筋草，一种以其对抗多种疾病的治疗特性而闻名的草药。使用植物提取物的不同部分，包括甲醇部分（ABMF）、正己烷部分（ABHF）、氯仿部分（ABCF）和用于AuNPs合成的水提取物。 AuNPs 的表征采用紫外-可见分光光度法、FT-IR、XRD、EDX 和 TEM 进行。紫外-可见光谱证实了 AuNP 的形成，在 555 nm 处观察到峰值。 FT-IR 分析表明，AuNPs 表面的植物化学物质具有很强的封端作用，这得到了 AuNPs 中较高的总酚含量 (TPC) 和总黄酮含量 (TFC) 的支持。 XRD 结果显示 AuNPs 具有高结晶度和较小的尺寸分布。 TEM 分析显示 AuNPs 呈球形，平均尺寸为 29 ± 10 nm。与植物提取物组分相比，生物合成的 AuNPs 表现出优异的抗菌、抗氧化和细胞毒活性。活性生物分子的存在大苞黄芪诸如新克罗丹黄酮醇苷、二萜类化合物、植物蜕皮酮和环烯醚萜苷等，有助于增强AuNPs的生物活性。总体而言，这项研究凸显了大苞黄芪‐衍生的 AuNPs 由于其卓越的治疗特性和植物化学物质的有效封端，可用于各种生物医学应用。研究亮点 这项研究通过探索草药的治疗潜力，强调了草药在当代医疗保健中日益增长的重要性。牛筋草和金纳米颗粒（AuNP）。 该研究强调了显着功效大苞黄芪叶提取物和金纳米粒子治疗细菌感染，证明了它们对一系列菌株的杀菌作用。 通过爪水肿方法证明了植物提取物和纳米颗粒的抗炎特性，表明它们在控制炎症方面的适用性。 这些发现定位大苞黄芪和金纳米粒子作为现代医学替代和有效方法的潜在候选者。