Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of these cancers are detected at a late stage, contributing to the bad prognosis. This underscores the need for novel, enhanced early detection strategies to improve the outcomes. While population-based screening is not recommended due to the relatively low incidence of PDAC, surveillance is recommended for individuals at high risk for PDAC due to their increased incidence of the disease. However, the outcomes of pancreatic cancer surveillance in high-risk individuals are not sorted out yet. In this review, we will address the identification of individuals at high risk for PDAC, discuss the objectives and targets of surveillance, outline how surveillance programs are organized, summarize the outcomes of high-risk individuals undergoing pancreatic cancer surveillance, and conclude with a future perspective on pancreatic cancer surveillance and novel developments.

胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是癌症相关死亡的主要原因，并且与不良预后相关。这些癌症大多数在晚期才被发现，导致预后不良。这强调需要新颖的、增强的早期检测策略来改善结果。虽然由于 PDAC 发病率相对较低，不建议进行基于人群的筛查，但建议对 PDAC 高风险人群进行监测，因为他们的疾病发病率较高。然而，高危人群胰腺癌监测的结果尚未确定。在本次综述中，我们将解决 PDAC 高风险个体的识别问题，讨论监测的目的和目标，概述监测计划的组织方式，总结接受胰腺癌监测的高风险个体的结果，并总结未来的发展胰腺癌监测和新进展的观点。