Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution. In the past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has emerged as a major model in molecular plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we focus on the clarification of the taxonomy and genetic structure of the species and its host range determinants. We also discuss recent molecular studies deciphering its lifecycle.TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Sordariomycetes, order: Magnaporthales, family: Pyriculariaceae, genus: Pyricularia.Host rangeP. oryzae has the ability to infect a wide range of Poaceae. It is structured into different host‐specialized lineages that are each associated with a few host plant genera. The fungus is best known to cause tremendous damage to rice crops, but it can also attack other economically important crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and finger millet.Disease symptomsP. oryzae can cause necrotic lesions or bleaching on all aerial parts of its host plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, and inflorescences (panicles, spikes, and seeds). Characteristic symptoms on leaves are diamond‐shaped silver lesions that often have a brown margin and whose appearance is influenced by numerous factors such as the plant genotype and environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ Genomic data repositories http://openriceblast.org/ Genomic data repositories http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including P. oryzae) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant database http://atmt.snu.kr/ T‐DNA mutant database http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP and expression data https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

中文翻译：

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稻瘟病菌：实验室明星和田间祸害

稻瘟病菌（同义词。稻瘟病菌），是一种丝状子囊菌，会在谷类作物以及多种野生和栽培禾本科植物上引起一种称为稻瘟病的主要疾病。稻瘟病在全世界范围内产生巨大影响，特别是对水稻和小麦，这种病害于 20 世纪 80 年代出现在南美洲，然后传播到亚洲和非洲。它的经济重要性，加上它对分子和基因操纵的适应性，激发了旨在了解其生物学和进化的广泛研究工作。在过去的 40 年里，这种植物病原真菌已成为植物与微生物分子相互作用的主要模型。在这篇综述中，我们重点澄清该物种的分类和遗传结构及其宿主范围决定因素。我们还讨论了最近解读其生命周期的分子研究。分类王国：菌类，门：子囊菌门，亚门：盘菌亚门， 班级：粪菌纲， 命令：磁门藻目， 家庭：梨科，属：梨锈菌。主机范围米霉具有广泛的感染能力禾本科。它被构造成不同的宿主专用谱系，每个谱系都与一些宿主植物属相关。众所周知，这种真菌会对水稻作物造成巨大损害，但它也会攻击其他重要经济作物，如小麦、玉米、大麦和小米。疾病症状米霉可导致寄主植物所有地上部分坏死或白化，包括叶片、鞘和花序（圆锥花序、穗状花序和种子）。叶子上的特征症状是菱形银斑，通常有棕色边缘，其外观受到植物基因型和环境条件等多种因素的影响。 有用的网站 资源 网址 基因组数据库 http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ 基因组数据库 http://openriceblast.org/ 基因组数据库 http://openwheatblast.net/ 真菌基因组浏览器（包括米霉） http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html 比较基因组学数据库 https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T-DNA突变体数据库 http://atmt.snu.kr/ T-DNA突变体数据库 http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP 和表达数据 https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/