Substitution of one metal catalyst for another is not straightforward as simply justifying this change based on the availability and/or cost of the metals. A life cycle-like assessment was performed leading to the conclusion that the commonly held view that use of earth-abundant metals (and in this case study, Ni) are replacements for palladium most notably in cross coupling reactions, and Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, in particular, is an incomplete analysis of the entire picture. This notion can be misleading, and unfortunately derives nowadays mainly from the standpoint of cost, and to some degree, the relative natural abundance and mining impact of each metal. However, a more realistic appreciation emerges when several additional reaction parameters involved in the couplings are considered. Such an analysis unequivocally points to the major impact on climate change brought about by use of organic solvents, while the metals actually play subordinate roles in terms of CO2-release into the environment. Clearly, this study reveals that several factors contribute in various ways to the overall carbon footprint. Hence, a far more detailed analysis is required than that typically being utilized!

中文翻译：

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Ø 地球储量丰富的金属替代钯在交叉偶联反应中的影响

用一种金属催化剂替代另一种金属催化剂并不简单，因为只是根据金属的可用性和/或成本来证明这种变化的合理性。进行了类似生命周期的评估，得出的结论是，普遍认为使用地球丰富的金属（在本案例研究中为镍）可以替代钯，尤其是在交叉偶联反应和铃木-宫浦偶联中，尤其是对整个图景的分析不完整。这个概念可能会产生误导，不幸的是，现在主要是从成本的角度出发，在某种程度上，是从每种金属的相对自然丰度和采矿影响的角度出发。然而，当考虑耦合中涉及的几个附加反应参数时，就会出现更现实的认识。这样的分析明确指出了有机溶剂的使用对气候变化产生的主要影响，而金属实际上在向环境排放二氧化碳方面发挥着次要作用。显然，这项研究表明，有几个因素以不同的方式影响总体碳足迹。因此，需要比通常使用的分析更详细的分析！