In recent years, research on pure ZnO, Ni-doped ZnO, Mg-doped ZnO, and Fe-doped ZnO nanostructures has been gradually progressing to create more effective materials that may be applied in a variety of applications. In this investigation, hydrothermal synthesis was used to create both pure ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO that had been doped with Ni, Mg, and Fe at a concentration of 7%. Before testing the nanostructures’ ability to inhibit harmful bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.), they were shown to have antibacterial activity. With the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), their physicochemical characteristics were initially determined. When Ni, Mg, and Fe are inserted into ZnO, XRD measurements show that the particle size decreases from 28.94$$nm to 19.96$$nm. The optical bandgap decreases from 3.17$$eV to 3.08$$eV with the least value for Fe/ZnO NPs, according to UV–Vis spectral data, which also shows that the absorption edge changes to higher wavelengths (redshift). This research has produced nanoparticle samples of Ni/ZnO, Mg/ZnO, and Fe/ZnO that, when compared to the pure ZnO sample, show intriguing antibacterial activity.

近年来，对纯ZnO、Ni掺杂ZnO、Mg掺杂ZnO和Fe掺杂ZnO纳米结构的研究逐渐取得进展，以创造出更有效的材料，可用于各种应用。在这项研究中，采用水热合成法制备了纯 ZnO 纳米颗粒和掺杂浓度为 7% 的 Ni、Mg 和 Fe 的 ZnO。在测试纳米结构抑制有害细菌（枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌）的能力之前，它们被证明具有抗菌活性。通过使用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）和紫外可见光（UV-Vis），初步确定了它们的物理化学特性。当 Ni、Mg 和 Fe 插入 ZnO 中时，XRD 测量表明粒径从 28.94 减小$$纳米至 19.96$$纳米。光学带隙从 3.17 减小$$eV 至 3.08$$根据紫外-可见光谱数据，Fe/ZnO 纳米粒子的 eV 值最小，这也表明吸收边变化到更高的波长（红移）。这项研究生产了 Ni/ZnO、Mg/ZnO 和 Fe/ZnO 纳米颗粒样品，与纯 ZnO 样品相比，它们表现出令人着迷的抗菌活性。