: Access to clean air, a vital necessity for life, faces severe constraints globally due to industrialization and urbanization, leading to widespread air quality deterioration. To safeguard human health and the environment from detrimental effects, the essential components of proper monitoring, assessment, and management of air quality are paramount. Conventional air quality analytical techniques such as gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, thermal desorption/ gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry are widely used for air quality analysis. These methods, however, are laborious, necessitate sample preparation, require expansive and hazardous reagents, and have a high cost of equipment and maintenance. As such, more rapid, sensitive, specific, cost-effective, portable, user-friendly, and environmentally friendly analytical tools are required for efficient air quality monitoring and control. Over the years, various techniques have emerged to address these challenges, including mobile sensors, microbial monitoring, the Internet of Things (IoT), biomonitoring, and bio- and nanosensors in both indoor and outdoor settings. This paper offers an overview of recent advancements in air quality monitoring and assessment methods. The review encompasses sample preparations for air pollutants, data analysis methodologies, and monitoring strategies. It also delves into the crucial role of microorganisms in air quality analysis. Additionally, the paper explores the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) and biosensors in air quality monitoring and assessment, elucidating their roles in advancing these endeavors. The paper concludes by presenting insightful perspectives on the current state of air quality monitoring techniques and outlining future directions for research and development in this critical field.

中文翻译：

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空气质量监测和评估最新分析技术概述

：清洁空气是人类赖以生存的必需品，但由于工业化和城市化，清洁空气在全球范围内面临着严重限制，导致空气质量普遍恶化。为了保护人类健康和环境免受有害影响，对空气质量进行适当的监测、评估和管理至关重要。传统的空气质量分析技术，如气相色谱/质谱、选择离子流管质谱、热解吸/气相色谱、质谱等，广泛应用于空气质量分析。然而，这些方法很费力，需要样品制备，需要大量且危险的试剂，并且设备和维护成本很高。因此，有效的空气质量监测和控制需要更快速、灵敏、特异、经济高效、便携、用户友好和环境友好的分析工具。多年来，出现了各种技术来应对这些挑战，包括移动传感器、微生物监测、物联网 (IoT)、生物监测以及室内和室外环境中的生物和纳米传感器。本文概述了空气质量监测和评估方法的最新进展。审查包括空气污染物的样品制备、数据分析方法和监测策略。它还深入研究了微生物在空气质量分析中的关键作用。此外，本文还探讨了物联网（IoT）和生物传感器在空气质量监测和评估中的应用，阐明了它们在推进这些努力中的作用。本文最后对空气质量监测技术的现状提出了深刻的见解，并概述了这一关键领域的未来研究和开发方向。