Objectives Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and sleep problems are highly prevalent among the general population. Both them are associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, which is highlighting an underexplored connection between them. This meta-analysis aims to explore the association between sleep problems and GERD. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords, covering articles from the inception of the databases until August 2023. Stata statistical software, version 14.0, was utilized for all statistical analyses. A fixed-effects model was applied when p > 0.1 and I2 ≤ 50%, while a random-effects model was employed for high heterogeneity (p < 0.1 and I2 > 50%). Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. Results Involving 22 studies, our meta-analysis revealed that insomnia, sleep disturbance, or short sleep duration significantly increased the risk of GERD (OR = 2.02, 95% CI [1.64–2.49], p < 0.001; I2 = 66.4%; OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.58–2.50], p < 0.001, I2 = 50.1%; OR = 2.66, 95% CI [2.02–3.15], p < 0.001; I2 = 62.5%, respectively). GERD was associated with an elevated risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.47–1.79], p < 0.001, I2 = 72.4%), sleep disturbance (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.24–1.74], p < 0.001, I2 = 71.6%), or short sleep duration (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.12–1.21], p < 0.001, I2 = 0). Conclusion This meta-analysis establishes a bidirectional relationship between four distinct types of sleep problems and GERD. The findings offer insights for the development of innovative approaches in the treatment of both GERD and sleep problems.

中文翻译：

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胃食管反流病与睡眠问题之间的双向相关性：系统评价和荟萃分析

目标 胃食管反流病 (GERD) 和睡眠问题在普通人群中非常普遍。它们都与抑郁和焦虑等多种精神疾病有关，这凸显了它们之间尚未被充分探索的联系。这项荟萃分析旨在探讨睡眠问题与胃食管反流病（GERD）之间的关联。方法 我们使用医学主题词 (MeSH) 和关键词对 PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase 和 Web of Science 进行了全面检索，涵盖从数据库建立之初到 2023 年 8 月的文章。使用 Stata 统计软件 14.0 版用于所有统计分析。当 p > 0.1 且 I2 ≤ 50% 时，采用固定效应模型；当异质性较高（p < 0.1 且 I2 > 50%）时，采用随机效应模型。漏斗图和艾格检验用于评估发表偏倚。结果 我们的荟萃分析涉及 22 项研究，结果显示失眠、睡眠障碍或睡眠时间短会显着增加 GERD 的风险（OR = 2.02，95% CI [1.64–2.49]，p < 0.001；I2 = 66.4%；OR = 1.98，95% CI [1.58–2.50]，p < 0.001，I2 = 50.1%；OR = 2.66，95% CI [2.02–3.15]，p < 0.001；I2 = 62.5%。 GERD 与睡眠质量差（OR = 1.47，95% CI [1.47–1.79]，p < 0.001，I2 = 72.4%）、睡眠障碍（OR = 1.47，95% CI [1.24–1.74]）风险升高相关，p < 0.001，I2 = 71.6%），或睡眠时间短（OR = 1.17，95% CI [1.12–1.21]，p < 0.001，I2 = 0）。结论 这项荟萃分析建立了四种不同类型的睡眠问题与 GERD 之间的双向关系。这些发现为开发治疗胃食管反流病和睡眠问题的创新方法提供了见解。