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Meta-analysis of differential gene expression in lower motor neurons isolated by laser capture microdissection from post-mortem ALS spinal cords
Frontiers in Genetics ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 , DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1385114
William R. Swindell

IntroductionALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The motor neuron is a central player in ALS pathogenesis but different transcriptome signatures have been derived from bulk analysis of post-mortem tissue and iPSC-derived motor neurons (iPSC-MNs).MethodsThis study performed a meta-analysis of six gene expression studies (microarray and RNA-seq) in which laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolate lower motor neurons from post-mortem spinal cords of ALS and control (CTL) subjects. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with consistent ALS versus CTL expression differences across studies were identified.ResultsThe analysis identified 222 ALS-increased DEGs (FDR <0.10, SMD >0.80) and 278 ALS-decreased DEGs (FDR <0.10, SMD < −0.80). ALS-increased DEGs were linked to PI3K-AKT signaling, innate immunity, inflammation, motor neuron differentiation and extracellular matrix. ALS-decreased DEGs were associated with the ubiquitin-proteosome system, microtubules, axon growth, RNA-binding proteins and synaptic membrane. ALS-decreased DEG mRNAs frequently interacted with RNA-binding proteins (e.g., FUS, HuR). The complete set of DEGs (increased and decreased) overlapped significantly with genes near ALS-associated SNP loci (p < 0.01). Transcription factor target motifs with increased proximity to ALS-increased DEGs were identified, most notably DNA elements predicted to interact with forkhead transcription factors (e.g., FOXP1) and motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1). Some of these DNA elements overlie ALS-associated SNPs within known enhancers and are predicted to have genotype-dependent MNX1 interactions. DEGs were compared to those identified from SOD1-G93A mice and bulk spinal cord segments or iPSC-MNs from ALS patients. There was good correspondence with transcriptome changes from SOD1-G93A mice (r ≤ 0.408) but most DEGs were not differentially expressed in bulk spinal cords or iPSC-MNs and transcriptome-wide effect size correlations were weak (bulk tissue: r ≤ 0.207, iPSC-MN: r ≤ 0.037).ConclusionThis study defines a robust transcriptome signature from LCM-based motor neuron studies of post-mortem tissue from ALS and CTL subjects. This signature differs from those obtained from analysis of bulk spinal cord segments and iPSC-MNs. Results provide insight into mechanisms underlying gene dysregulation in ALS and highlight connections between these mechanisms, ALS genetics, and motor neuron biology.

中文翻译:

通过激光捕获显微切割从死后 ALS 脊髓中分离出的下运动神经元差异基因表达的荟萃分析

简介 ALS 是一种致命的神经退行性疾病,其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。运动神经元是 ALS 发病机制的核心参与者,但通过对死后组织和 iPSC 衍生运动神经元 (iPSC-MN) 的大量分析得出了不同的转录组特征。方法本研究对六项基因表达研究进行了荟萃分析(微阵列和RNA-seq),其中使用激光捕获显微切割(LCM)从ALS和对照(CTL)受试者的死后脊髓中分离出下运动神经元。具有一致 ALS 的差异表达基因 (DEG)相对鉴定了各研究之间的 CTL 表达差异。 结果分析鉴定了 222 个 ALS 增加的 DEG(FDR <0.10,SMD > 0.80)和 278 个 ALS 减少的 DEG(FDR <0.10,SMD < -0.80)。 ALS 增加的 DEG 与 PI3K-AKT 信号传导、先天免疫、炎症、运动神经元分化和细胞外基质有关。 ALS 减少的 DEG 与泛素蛋白体系统、微管、轴突生长、RNA 结合蛋白和突触膜有关。 ALS 减少的 DEG mRNA 经常与 RNA 结合蛋白(例如 FUS、HuR)相互作用。完整的 DEG 集(增加和减少)与 ALS 相关 SNP 位点附近的基因显着重叠(p< 0.01)。转录因子靶基序与 ALS 增加的 DEG 的接近度增加,最显着的是预测与叉头转录因子(例如 FOXP1)以及运动神经元和胰腺同源盒 1(MNX1)相互作用的 DNA 元件。其中一些 DNA 元件覆盖已知增强子内的 ALS 相关 SNP,预计具有基因型依赖性 MNX1 相互作用。将 DEG 与从 SOD1-G93A 小鼠和来自 ALS 患者的大量脊髓节段或 iPSC-MN 中鉴定的 DEG 进行比较。与 SOD1-G93A 小鼠的转录组变化具有良好的对应性(r≤ 0.408),但大多数 DEG 在大块脊髓或 iPSC-MN 中没有差异表达,并且全转录组效应大小相关性较弱(大块组织:r≤ 0.207,iPSC-MN:r≤ 0.037)。结论本研究定义了基于 LCM 的运动神经元研究中 ALS 和 CTL 受试者死后组织的稳健转录组特征。该特征与通过分析大量脊髓节段和 iPSC-MN 获得的特征不同。结果提供了对 ALS 基因失调的潜在机制的深入了解,并强调了这些机制、ALS 遗传学和运动神经元生物学之间的联系。
更新日期:2024-04-16
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