Bites caused by European vipers are rare medical emergencies but can occasionally cause life-threatening complications. Viper venom causes local symptoms, which can be accompanied by systemic manifestations in severe cases. The local effects of snakebites include edema and, more rarely, necrosis and compartment syndrome. The consequences of envenomation are often more pronounced in children due to their smaller body size. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl who experienced multiple viper bites in the lower limb in northwest Italy. The girl received supportive care but progressed to develop compartment syndrome that required emergency fasciotomy. The patient’s condition improved promptly after surgical decompression and administration of antivenom, but full recovery required prolonged hospitalization and rehabilitation. This case highlights the importance of obtaining a timely assessment of the severity of viper envenomation without delaying the administration of antivenom in most serious cases. The presence of multiple bite marks on the patient is one factor that may help to predict the clinical severity of snakebites and anticipate symptom progression.

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意大利毒蛇咬伤后的急性骨筋膜室综合征和筋膜切开术：病例报告

欧洲毒蛇咬伤是罕见的医疗紧急情况，但偶尔会导致危及生命的并发症。毒蛇毒引起局部症状，严重时可伴有全身症状。蛇咬伤的局部影响包括水肿，以及更罕见的坏死和骨筋膜室综合征。由于儿童体型较小，中毒的后果通常更为明显。我们介绍了一名 6 岁女孩的案例，她的下肢被毒蛇多处咬伤，位于意大利西北部。该女孩接受了支持性护理，但进展为筋膜室综合征，需要紧急筋膜切开术。手术减压和注射抗蛇毒血清后，患者的病情迅速好转，但完全康复需要长期住院和康复。该病例凸显了及时评估毒蛇中毒严重程度的重要性，同时在最严重的病例中不延误抗蛇毒血清的使用。患者身上存在多个咬痕是有助于预测蛇咬伤临床严重程度和预测症状进展的因素之一。