In practical applications, the effectiveness of biological control agents such as Bacillus is often unstable due to different soil environments. Herein, we aimed to explore the control effect and intrinsic mechanism of Bacillus in black soil and red soil in combination with tomato Verticillium wilt. Bacillus application effectively controlled the occurrence of Verticillium wilt in red soil, reducing the incidence by 19.83%, but played a limited role in black soil. Bacillus colonized red soil more efficiently. The Verticillium pathogen decreased by 71.13% and 76.09% after the application of Bacillus combinations in the rhizosphere and bulk of the red soil, respectively, while there was no significant difference in the black soil. Additionally, Bacillus application to red soil significantly promoted phosphorus absorption. Furthermore, it significantly altered the bacterial community in red soil and enriched genes related to pathogen antagonism and phosphorus activation, which jointly participated in soil nutrient activation and disease prevention, promoting tomato plant growth in red soil. This study revealed that the shaping of the bacterial community by native soil may be the key factor affecting the colonization and function of exogenous Bacillus.

中文翻译：

---

施用芽孢杆菌防治黑土和红壤番茄黄萎病效果差异

在实际应用中，芽孢杆菌等生物防治剂的有效性往往因土壤环境的不同而不稳定。本研究旨在探讨黑土和红壤芽孢杆菌结合番茄黄萎病的防治效果及内在机制。芽孢杆菌的施用有效控制了红壤黄萎病的发生，降低了发病率19.83%，但在黑土中作用有限。芽孢杆菌更有效地定植于红土。施用芽孢杆菌组合后，红壤根际和大块黄萎病菌分别减少了71.13%和76.09%，而黑土则无显着差异。此外，红壤中施用芽孢杆菌显着促进了磷的吸收。此外，它还显着改变了红壤中的细菌群落，丰富了与病原拮抗和磷活化相关的基因，共同参与土壤养分活化和防病，促进红壤番茄植株生长。本研究揭示原生土壤对细菌群落的塑造可能是影响外源芽孢杆菌定植和功能的关键因素。