The scarcity of soil nutrient availability under cold conditions of Himalayan regions needs a sustainable approach for better crop yields. The cold-adapted bacteria, K1, with the potential to produce several plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes, nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid production, phosphate and potassium solubilization at 10 °C can provide an opportunity to promote crop yield improvement in an eco-friendly way under cold conditions. The bacterium also exhibited biocontrol activity against two phytopathogens and produced siderophore (53.0 ± 0.5 % psu). The strain’s PGP properties were investigated using a spinach-based bioassay under controlled conditions. The bacterized seeds showed a notable increase in germination rate (23.2 %), shoot length (65.3 %), root length (56.6 %), leaf area (73.7 %), number of leaflets (65.2 %), and dry matter (65.2 %). Additionally, the leaf analysis indicated elevated chlorophyll pigments, i.e., chlorophyll (55.5 %), chlorophyll (42.8 %), carotenoids (35.2 %), percentage radical scavenging activity (47.4 %), and leaf nutrient uptake such as nitrogen (23.4 %), calcium (60.8 %), potassium (62.3 %), and magnesium (28.9 %). Moreover, the whole-genome sequencing and genome mining endorsed various biofertilisation-related genes, including genes for potassium and phosphate solubilization, iron and nitrogen acquisition, carbon dioxide fixation, and biocontrol ability of K1. Overall, this study highlights the role of K1 as a potential bioinoculant for improving crop yield under cold environments.

中文翻译：

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适应寒冷的西伯利亚微小杆菌K1作为寒冷地区潜在的生物接种剂：生物防治和植物生长促进的生理学和基因组阐明

喜马拉雅地区寒冷条件下土壤养分供应不足，需要采取可持续的方法来提高作物产量。冷适应细菌 K1 具有产生多种植物生长促进 (PGP) 特性、固氮、吲哚乙酸生产、10°C 下磷酸盐和钾溶解作用的潜力，可以为促进作物产量提高提供机会。寒冷条件下的环保方式。该细菌还表现出针对两种植物病原体的生物防治活性，并产生铁载体 (53.0 ± 0.5 % psu)。在受控条件下使用基于菠菜的生物测定法研究了该菌株的 PGP 特性。灭菌后的种子发芽率（23.2%）、芽长（65.3%）、根长（56.6%）、叶面积（73.7%）、小叶数量（65.2%）和干物质（65.2%）显着增加。 ）。此外，叶子分析表明叶绿素色素升高，即叶绿素 (55.5 %)、叶绿素 (42.8 %)、类胡萝卜素 (35.2 %)、自由基清除活性百分比 (47.4 %) 和叶子养分吸收，如氮 (23.4 %) 、钙 (60.8 %)、钾 (62.3 %) 和镁 (28.9 %)。此外，全基因组测序和基因组挖掘证实了各种与生物受精相关的基因，包括钾和磷酸盐的溶解、铁和氮的获取、二氧化碳的固定和K1的生物防治能力的基因。总体而言，这项研究强调了 K1 作为潜在生物接种剂在寒冷环境下提高作物产量的作用。