The measurement of personality traits is well established, but the measurement of personality states is still evolving. Typically, trait questionnaires are adapted for state measurement by adding temporal references like “today.” This approach assumes that traits and states share the same measurement model, conflicting with findings that within-personality structures differ between individuals. We offer an attempt to identify the facets of personality states which are structured as similar as possible for different individuals using multilevel exploratory and multilevel confirmatory factor analyses. Thereby we want to be able to measure these aspects of personality validly within and between persons at the same time. In an intensive longitudinal daily diary study, we used multilevel exploratory factor analyses in Sample 1 (4976 diaries, 73 participants) to identify item sets with consistent factor loadings both within and between individuals. We then examined these instruments' model fit in Sample 2 (5123 diaries, 71 participants) using multilevel confirmatory factor analyses. Results indicated that within-person factor structures differ among individuals. Nonetheless, we identified facets with comparable within- and between-person structures of personality states that we labeled as or We seek to encourage advancements towards more sophisticated personality state measures.

中文翻译：

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降尺度并带来好处：捕捉个体内部性格差异的前进之路

人格特质的测量已经很成熟，但人格状态的测量仍在不断发展。通常，特质问卷通过添加“今天”等时间参考来适应状态测量。这种方法假设特质和状态共享相同的测量模型，这与个体之间人格内部结构不同的发现相矛盾。我们尝试使用多层次探索性和多层次验证性因素分析来识别不同个体的人格状态的各个方面，这些方面的结构尽可能相似。因此，我们希望能够同时有效地衡量人内部和人之间人格的这些方面。在一项密集的纵向每日日记研究中，我们在样本 1（4976 篇日记，73 名参与者）中使用了多级探索性因素分析，以确定个体内部和个体之间因素负荷一致的项目集。然后，我们使用多级验证性因素分析检查了这些工具在样本 2（5123 篇日记，71 名参与者）中的模型拟合情况。结果表明，个体之间的内部因素结构有所不同。尽管如此，我们还是确定了具有可比较的人格状态的人内和人间结构的方面，我们将其标记为或我们寻求鼓励在更复杂的人格状态测量方面取得进展。