Mitochondrial volume is maintained through the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane by a specific aquaporin and the osmotic balance between the mitochondrial matrix and cellular cytoplasm. Various electrolytes, such as calcium and hydrogen ions, potassium, and sodium, as well as other osmotic substances, affect the swelling of mitochondria. Intracellular glucose levels may also affect mitochondrial swelling, although the relationship between mitochondrial ion homeostasis and intracellular glucose is poorly understood. This article reviews what is currently known about how the Sodium-Glucose transporter (SGLT) may impact mitochondrial sodium (Na+) homeostasis. SGLTs regulate intracellular glucose and sodium levels and, therefore, interfere with mitochondrial ion homeostasis because mitochondrial Na+ is closely linked to cytoplasmic calcium and sodium dynamics. Recently, a large amount of data has been available on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitochondria in different cell types, including renal proximal tubule cells, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, neuronal cells, and cardiac cells. The current evidence suggests that SGLT inhibitors (SGLTi) may affect mitochondrial dynamics regarding intracellular Sodium and hydrogen ions. Although the regulation of mitochondrial ion channels by SGLTs is still in its infancy, the evidence accumulated thus far of the effect of SGLTi on mitochondrial functions certainly will foster further research in this direction.

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2型钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白与线粒体离子环境之间的相互作用

线粒体体积是通过特定水通道蛋白的线粒体内膜的渗透性以及线粒体基质和细胞质之间的渗透平衡来维持的。各种电解质，如钙离子、氢离子、钾离子、钠离子以及其他渗透物质，都会影响线粒体的肿胀。尽管线粒体离子稳态与细胞内葡萄糖之间的关系知之甚少，但细胞内葡萄糖水平也可能影响线粒体肿胀。本文回顾了目前已知的钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白 (SGLT) 如何影响线粒体钠 (Na+) 稳态。 SGLT 调节细胞内葡萄糖和钠水平，因此会干扰线粒体离子稳态，因为线粒体 Na+ 与细胞质钙和钠动力学密切相关。最近，关于SGLT2抑制剂对不同细胞类型线粒体的影响已有大量数据，包括肾近曲小管细胞、内皮细胞、系膜细胞、足细胞、神经元细胞和心肌细胞。目前的证据表明，SGLT 抑制剂 (SGLTi) 可能会影响细胞内钠离子和氢离子的线粒体动力学。尽管SGLTs对线粒体离子通道的调节仍处于起步阶段，但迄今为止积累的SGLTi对线粒体功能影响的证据无疑将促进这一方向的进一步研究。