Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusion onto the continental shelf significantly affects basal melting of ice shelves, oceanographic and ecological processes in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Understanding the changes in CDW upwelling and its impacts on marine ecology during historical periods is urgent. Here, we presented a new reconstruction for the variability in CDW intrusion onto the WAP over the past 1500 years by using the cadmium (Cd) concentrations in southern elephant seal hairs collected from King George Island. In addition, multi-proxies including the abundance of seal hairs and TOC, TN, LOI, and bio-elements in the sediments were integrated to infer historical seal populations by using the Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The overall trend of Cd concentrations was well consistent with those of primary productivity and sea ice, reflecting the contribution of CDW on regional oceanic environment and ecology. Notably, during a period of ∼900–500 yr BP, enhanced CDW intrusion allowed for increased regional marine productivity and decreased sea ice, and ultimately promoting an increase in seal populations. Enhanced CDW intrusion was possibly driven by southward shift and intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind. These results indicated that large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns were coupled with regional oceanic circulation and ecological processes of the Southern Ocean.

中文翻译：

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1500年来绕极地深水入侵的重建及其对西南极半岛乔治王岛南象海豹种群的影响

环极深水（CDW）对大陆架的入侵显着影响了西南极半岛（WAP）冰架的基础融化、海洋学和生态过程。了解历史时期CDW上升流的变化及其对海洋生态的影响刻不容缓。在这里，我们利用从乔治王岛收集的南象海豹毛发中的镉 (Cd) 浓度，对过去 1500 年来 CDW 侵入 WAP 的变化进行了新的重建。此外，还整合了包括海豹毛丰度以及沉积物中的 TOC、TN、LOI 和生物元素在内的多指标，通过使用广义加性模型 (GAM) 来推断历史海豹种群数量。 Cd浓度的总体趋势与初级生产力和海冰的浓度变化趋势基本一致，反映了CDW对区域海洋环境和生态的贡献。值得注意的是，在距今约 900-500 年期间，CDW 入侵的增强提高了区域海洋生产力并减少了海冰，并最终促进了海豹种群的增加。车辆碰撞波入侵增强可能是由于南半球西风向南移动和加强所致。这些结果表明，大尺度的大气环流模式与区域海洋环流和南大洋的生态过程耦合在一起。