Strain engineering has been extensively studied as a practical approach for controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of inorganic materials by deliberately imposing extra strain on crystals. Herein, recent advancements in strain engineering are introduced by focusing on how strain-engineering techniques have evolved to improve the performance of strain-sensitive nanodevices, such as piezoelectric nanogenerators, photodetectors, and pressure/strain sensors. Approaches for additionally straining the lattice are based on the application of internal or external stresses via lattice mismatch, chemical doping, defect engineering, deliberate in situ strain, and post-straining. The presence of such extra lattice strain in nanomaterials determines the level of lattice extension or contraction with respect to the applied stress, which can improve piezoelectricity and modulate the optical properties. The enhanced electromechanical power generation with extra strain is supposed to supply power for self-powered sensing devices. Zinc oxide, perovskites, and two-dimensional materials are covered in this review along with the structural origin of lattice modulations and their strain-sensitive power generation and sensing performance.

中文翻译：

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发电和自供电纳米器件中的应变工程

应变工程作为一种通过故意对晶体施加额外应变来控制无机材料的电子和光电性能的实用方法已被广泛研究。本文介绍了应变工程的最新进展，重点关注应变工程技术如何发展以提高应变敏感纳米器件（例如压电纳米发电机、光电探测器和压力/应变传感器）的性能。对晶格进行额外应变的方法基于通过晶格失配、化学掺杂、缺陷工程、故意原位应变和后应变施加内部或外部应力。纳米材料中这种额外晶格应变的存在决定了相对于所施加应力的晶格延伸或收缩的水平，这可以提高压电性并调节光学性能。具有额外压力的增强机电发电应该为自供电传感设备供电。本综述涵盖了氧化锌、钙钛矿和二维材料，以及晶格调制的结构起源及其应变敏感发电和传感性能。