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Once in a blue stream
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244350
David Martínez-Delgado , Santi Roca-Fàbrega , Armando Gil de Paz , Denis Erkal , Juan Miró-Carretero , Dmitry Makarov , Karina T. Voggel , Ryan Leaman , Walter Bolchin , Sarah Pearson , Giuseppe Donatiello , Evgenii Rubtsov , Mohammad Akhlaghi , M. Angeles Gomez-Flechoso , Samane Raji , Dustin Lang , Adam Block , Jesus Gallego , Esperanza Carrasco , María Luisa García-Vargas , Jorge Iglesias-Páramo , Sergio Pascual , Nicolas Cardiel , Ana Pérez-Calpena , Africa Castillo-Morales , Pedro Gómez-Alvarez

Aims. In this work we study the striking case of a narrow blue stream with a possible globular cluster-like progenitor around the NGC 7241 galaxy and its foreground dwarf companion. We want to figure out if the stream was generated by tidal interaction with NGC 7241 or if it first interacted with the foreground dwarf companion and later both fell together toward NGC 7241.Methods. We used four sets of observations, including a follow-up spectroscopic study of this stream based on data taken with the MEGARA instrument at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias using the integral field spectroscopy mode, the Mount Lemmon 0.80 m telescope, the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, the DESI Imaging Legacy surveys, and GALEX archival data. We also used high-resolution zoomed-in cosmological simulations.Results. Our data suggest that the compact object we detected in the stream is a foreground Milky Way halo star. Near this compact object we detect emission lines overlapping a less compact, bluer, and fainter blob of the stream that is clearly visible in both ultraviolet and optical deep images. From its heliocentric systemic radial velocity derived from the [O III]λ5007 Å lines (Vsyst = 1548.58 ± 1.80 km s−1) and new UV and optical broadband photometry, we conclude that this overdensity could be the actual core of the stream, with an absolute magnitude of Mg ∼ −10 and a g − r = 0.08 ± 0.11, consistent with a remnant of a low-mass dwarf satellite undergoing a current episode of star formation. From the width of the stream and assuming a circular orbit, we calculate that the progenitor mass can be typical of a dwarf galaxy, but it could also be substantially lower if the stream is on a very radial orbit or if it was created by tidal interaction with the companion dwarf instead of with NGC 7241. These estimates also suggest that this is one of the lowest mass streams detected to date beyond the Local Group. Finally, we find that blue stellar streams containing star formation regions are commonly predicted by high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxies lighter than the Milky Way. This scenario is consistent with the processes explaining the bursty star formation history of some dwarf satellites, which are followed by a gas depletion and a fast quenching once they enter within the virial radius of their host galaxies for the first time. Thus, it is likely that the stream’s progenitor is undergoing a star formation burst comparable to those that have shaped the star formation history of several Local Group dwarfs in the last few gigayears.

中文翻译:

曾经在蓝色的溪流中

目标。在这项工作中,我们研究了 NGC 7241 星系及其前景矮伴星周围可能存在球状星团状前身的狭窄蓝色流的惊人案例。我们想要弄清楚该流是否是由与 NGC 7241 的潮汐相互作用产生的,或者它是否首先与前景矮星伴星相互作用,然后一起落向 NGC 7241。方法。我们使用了四组观测,包括基于使用积分场光谱模式的 10.4 m 加那利大望远镜 MEGARA 仪器采集的数据对该流进行的后续光谱研究、莱蒙山 0.80 m 望远镜、伽利略国家望远镜、DESI Imaging Legacy 调查和 GALEX 档案数据。我们还使用了高分辨率放大的宇宙学模拟。结果。我们的数据表明,我们在流中检测到的致密天体是前景银河系晕星。在这个致密天体附近,我们检测到与不太致密、更蓝、更暗的流团重叠的发射线,在紫外和光学深度图像中都清晰可见。根据从 [O III] λ 5007 Å 线 ( V syst  = 1548.58 ± 1.80 km s -1 ) 得出的日心系统径向速度和新的紫外和光学宽带光度测定,我们得出结论,这种超密度可能是流的实际核心,绝对星等为M g  ∼ −10,g  −  r  = 0.08 ± 0.11,与当前正在形成恒星的低质量矮卫星的残余物一致。根据流的宽度并假设圆形轨道,我们计算出前身质量可能是矮星系的典型质量,但如果流处于非常径向的轨道上或者如果它是由潮汐相互作用产生的,那么它也可能会低得多与伴星矮星而不是 NGC 7241 一起。这些估计还表明,这是迄今为止在本地群之外检测到的质量最低的流之一。最后,我们发现包含恒星形成区域的蓝色恒星流通常是通过对比银河系轻的星系进行高分辨率宇宙学模拟来预测的。这种情况与解释一些矮卫星的爆发式恒星形成历史的过程是一致的,一旦它们第一次进入其宿主星系的维里半径内,就会发生气体耗尽和快速猝灭。因此,这条流的前身很可能正在经历一场恒星形成爆发,与过去几千兆年中几个本群矮星的恒星形成历史的爆发相当。
更新日期:2024-04-17
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