The worldwide incidence of cognitive impairment is escalating, yet no effective solutions for these afflictions have been discovered. Consequently, the importance of early identification and immediate intervention is heightened. Advanced eye movements—a form of voluntary eye movements that includes anti-saccades, memory-guided saccades, predictive saccades, pro-saccades and gap/overlap saccades, mediated by the cerebral cortex and subcortical pathways reflect cognitive levels and functions across different domains. In view of their objectivity, reproducibility, and non-invasive characteristics, advanced eye movement examination possesses significant prospective utility across a wide range of cognitive impairment. This paper extensively reviews various models associated with advanced eye movement examinations and their current applications in cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia. Advanced eye movement examination can serve as a biomarker for early screening diagnosis and research on cognitive impairment. In the future, combining advanced eye movement examination with neuropsychological scale assessment and other diagnostic methods may contribute to further early identification of these types of diseases.

中文翻译：

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高级眼动检查在认知障碍中的应用及进展

全球范围内认知障碍的发生率正在上升，但尚未发现针对这些疾病的有效解决方案。因此，早期识别和立即干预的重要性更加突出。高级眼动——一种自愿眼动形式，包括反眼跳、记忆引导眼跳、预测性眼跳、前眼跳和间隙/重叠眼跳，由大脑皮层和皮层下通路介导，反映了不同领域的认知水平和功能。鉴于其客观性、可重复性和非侵入性的特点，先进的眼动检查在广泛的认知障碍中具有重要的前瞻性实用性。本文广泛回顾了与高级眼动检查相关的各种模型及其当前在阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆等认知障碍中的应用。先进的眼动检查可以作为认知障碍早期筛查诊断和研究的生物标志物。未来，将先进的眼动检查与神经心理学量表评估等诊断方法相结合，可能有助于进一步早期识别此类疾病。