The paper compares and evaluates newer laws on sexual assault in Germany (2016), Sweden (2018) and Spain (2022). It focuses on the main challenge for law reform in this field: the complexity of consent-based rules. Before drafting new offence descriptions, the variety of models of consent should be analysed and their advantages and disadvantages considered. Lawmakers should also pay attention to situations that either make consent impossible or endanger the validity of factual consent.

中文翻译：

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设计性侵犯法的挑战

本文比较和评估了德国（2016 年）、瑞典（2018 年）和西班牙（2022 年）关于性侵犯的新法律。它重点关注该领域法律改革的主要挑战：基于同意的规则的复杂性。在起草新的犯罪描述之前，应分析各种同意模式并考虑其优缺点。立法者还应注意导致同意不可能或危及事实上同意有效性的情况。