The giant planets of the Solar System formed on initially compact orbits, which transitioned to the current wider configuration by means of an orbital instability. The timing of that instability is poorly constrained. In this work, we use dynamical simulations to demonstrate that the instability implanted planetesimal fragments from the terrestrial planet region into the asteroid main belt. We use meteorite data to show that the implantation occurred >60 million years (Myr) after the Solar System began to form. Combining this constraint with a previous upper limit derived from Jupiter’s trojan asteroids, we conclude that the orbital instability occurred 60 to 100 Myr after the beginning of Solar System formation. The giant impact that formed the Moon occurred within this range, so it might be related to the giant planet instability.

中文翻译：

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使用顽辉石陨石测定太阳系巨型行星轨道不稳定性的年代

太阳系的巨行星最初是在紧凑的轨道上形成的，后来通过轨道不稳定性转变为目前更宽的结构。这种不稳定的发生时间很难受到限制。在这项工作中，我们使用动力学模拟来证明不稳定性将类地行星区域的星子碎片植入到小行星主带中。我们使用陨石数据表明，植入发生在太阳系开始形成后超过 6000 万年（Myr）。将此约束与先前源自木星特洛伊小行星的上限相结合，我们得出结论，轨道不稳定发生在太阳系形成开始后 60 至 100 Myr。形成月球的巨大撞击发生在这个范围内，因此可能与巨行星的不稳定有关。