A re-examination of some early classic turbulence literature, mainly of isotropic turbulence, is given in this selective review. Some early studies, including original concepts and points, are reviewed or highlighted. Two earliest studies and six major original concepts are found: (i) Lord Kelvin’s pioneering elementary studies of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence; (ii) Kelvin’s early introduction of Fourier Principles into turbulence studies; (iii) the Kelvin elementary concept of the direct energy cascade; (iv) the Kelvin early concept of the symmetry of turbulence; (v) the Taylor concept of the coefficient of eddy viscosity; (vi) the Taylor concept of the ‘age’ of the eddy; (vii) the Taylor–Fage–Townend concept of small eddies or microturbulence or small scale turbulence; and (viii) the Obukhov concept of a function of the inner Reynolds number (i.e., dependent coefficient) in both the balance equation and the energy distribution equation (the two-thirds law). Both Kelvin and Taylor should be regarded as the co-founders of the statistical theory of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. The notion, ‘the Maxwell–Reynolds decomposition of turbulent flow velocity’, should be used. The Kolmogorov–Obukhov scaling laws are reviewed in detail. Heisenberg’s inverse seventh power spectrum is briefly reviewed. The implications or significances of these early studies, original concepts and points are briefly discussed, with special reference to their possible links with modern approaches and theories.

中文翻译：

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各向同性湍流的一些早期研究：回顾

本选择性综述对一些早期经典湍流文献（主要是各向同性湍流）进行了重新审视。回顾或强调了一些早期研究，包括原始概念和观点。发现了两项最早的研究和六个主要的原创概念：（i）开尔文勋爵对均匀、各向同性湍流的开创性基础研究； (ii) 开尔文早期将傅里叶原理引入湍流研究； (iii) 直接能量级联的开尔文基本概念； (iv) 开尔文早期的湍流对称性概念； (v) 涡粘系数的泰勒概念； (vi) 泰勒涡流“年龄”概念； (vii) 小涡流或微湍流或小规模湍流的 Taylor-Fage-Townend 概念； (viii) 平衡方程和能量分布方程（三分之二定律）中的内雷诺数（即相关系数）函数的奥布霍夫概念。开尔文和泰勒都应该被视为均匀各向同性湍流统计理论的共同创始人。应使用“湍流速度的麦克斯韦-雷诺分解”这一概念。详细回顾了柯尔莫哥洛夫-奥布霍夫缩放定律。简要回顾了海森堡的逆七次功率谱。简要讨论了这些早期研究的含义或意义、原始概念和观点，特别提到它们与现代方法和理论的可能联系。