In order to achieve global climate goals, it is necessary to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from ecosystems. To obtain a comprehensive assessment of CO2, CH4, and N2O natural fluxes for the Russian Federation, we used the “bottom-up” method and updated estimates for forest ecosystems based on State Forest Inventory data and satellite monitoring of forest disturbances. For grassland ecosystems, it was based on the correct distribution of areas between steppe and non-steppe zones. The estimated net uptake of natural ecosystems in Russia was 1.1 ± 1.8 billion tons of CO2-eq./year. The study shows that if only CO2 is taken into account, the net absorption of terrestrial ecosystems in Russia corresponds to more than −2.5 billion tons of CO2 (35% of forests’ contribution). However, given the emissions of non-CO2 GHGs, total net absorption in Russia’s natural ecosystems is reduced to about −1 billion tons of CO2-eq (with the forests’ contribution increasing to 80%). With regard to anthropogenic fluxes, the overall balance of GHGs in Russia corresponds to net emissions of 1 billion tons of CO2-eq/year into the atmosphere. To improve reporting under the Paris Agreement, countries should aim to include only anthropogenic (“manageable”) GHG fluxes on managed land.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯联邦所有内陆生态系统人为和自然温室气体通量的平衡以及森林固存的贡献

为了实现全球气候目标，有必要估算生态系统的温室气体（GHG）通量。为了对俄罗斯联邦的二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮自然通量进行全面评估，我们采用了“自下而上”的方法，并根据国家森林清查数据和森林干扰卫星监测对森林生态系统进行了更新估计。对于草原生态系统来说，它是基于草原和非草原区域之间的正确分布。据估计，俄罗斯自然生态系统每年净吸收 1.1±18 亿吨二氧化碳当量。研究表明，如果仅考虑二氧化碳，俄罗斯陆地生态系统的净吸收量相当于超过-25亿吨二氧化碳（森林贡献的35%）。然而，考虑到非二氧化碳温室气体的排放，俄罗斯自然生态系统的总净吸收量减少至约-10亿吨二氧化碳当量（森林的贡献增加至80%）。就人为通量而言，俄罗斯温室气体总平衡相当于每年向大气中净排放 10 亿吨二氧化碳当量。为了改进《巴黎协定》下的报告，各国应致力于仅纳入管理土地上的人为（“可管理”）温室气体通量。