Active medical devices rely on a source of energy that is applied to the human body for specific purposes such as electrosurgery, ultrasounds for breaking up kidney stones (lithotripsy), laser irradiation, and other medical techniques and procedures that are extensively used. These systems must provide adequate working power with a commitment not to produce side effects on patients. Therefore, the materials used in these devices must effectively transmit energy, allow for security control, sense real-time variations in case of any issues, and ensure the implementation of closed-loop systems for control. This work extends to the experimental data adjustment of some different coating techniques based on plasma electro-oxidation (PEO) and thermal spray (TS) using fractional-order models. According to the physical structure of the coating in different coating techniques, Cole family models were selected. The experimental data were obtained by means of a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency spectrum from 0.3 MHz to 5 MHz. The results show that some models from the Cole family (the single-dispersion model and inductive model) offered a goodness of fit to the experimental impedance in terms of RMSE error and a squared error R2 close to unity. The use of this type of fractional-order electrical model allows an adjustment with a very small number of elements compared to integer-order models, facilitating its use and a consequent reduction in instrumentation cost and the development of control devices that are more robust and easily miniaturized for embedded applications. Additionally, fractional-order models allow for more accurate assessment in industrial and medical applications.

中文翻译：

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通过等离子体电氧化和热喷涂方法对铝涂层进行分数阶电学建模以优化射频医疗设备

有源医疗设备依赖于用于人体特定目的的能量源，例如电外科手术、用于碎石的超声波（碎石术）、激光照射以及其他广泛使用的医疗技术和程序。这些系统必须提供足够的工作能力，并承诺不会对患者产生副作用。因此，这些设备中使用的材料必须有效传输能量，允许安全控制，在出现任何问题时感知实时变化，并确保闭环系统控制的实施。这项工作扩展到使用分数阶模型对基于等离子体电氧化（PEO）和热喷涂（TS）的一些不同涂层技术的实验数据进行调整。根据不同涂层技术中涂层的物理结构，选择了Cole系列模型。实验数据是通过矢量网络分析仪（VNA）在0.3 MHz至5 MHz的频谱范围内获得的。结果表明，Cole 系列的一些模型（单色散模型和电感模型）在 RMSE 误差和接近于 1 的平方误差 R2 方面提供了与实验阻抗的拟合优度。与整数阶模型相比，使用这种类型的分数阶电气模型可以使用非常少量的元件进行调整，从而促进其使用，从而降低仪器成本，并开发更强大、更容易的控制设备针对嵌入式应用进行小型化。此外，分数阶模型可以在工业和医疗应用中进行更准确的评估。