Conductive hydrogel endures as an ideal candidate for flexible electronic devices. However, conventional conductive hydrogels cannot incorporate superior sensitivity under low deformation, biocompatibility and underwater sensing into one system, which widely obstructs their applications in an aqueous environment. Herein, we designed a supramolecular conductive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tannic acid (TA) based PVA/TA hydrogel. Due to the effective hydrogen bonding between PVA and TA, the hydrogel possesses some unique properties, including anti-swelling, stretching, self-healing and shape-memory. The PVA/TA supramolecular hydrogel demonstrates an excellent electrical performance where the conductivity and gauge factor (GF) are obtained at 5.5 × 10 S/cm and 1.3 in dry and 5.0 × 10 S/cm and 1.2 in wet conditions, respectively. The multifunctional hydrogel manifests excellent mechanical properties, where the maximum tensile strength of the hydrogels is 700 kPa at an elongation of 4700 %. Additionally, the hydrogel possesses excellent shape-memory and self-healable properties. Moreover, the hydrogel depicts outstanding biocompatibility, anti-swellable properties and exerts long-term stability underwater to detect human motions. Based on excellent anti-swelling and stability, high electrical conductivity and extraordinary stretching capability, the hydrogels may consider as promising candidates for applications in amphibious motion sensors.

中文翻译：

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用于两栖运动传感器的抗膨胀、可拉伸、自修复、形状记忆和超分子导电 TA 水凝胶

导电水凝胶一直是柔性电子设备的理想选择。然而，传统的导电水凝胶无法将低变形、生物相容性和水下传感下的卓越灵敏度整合到一个系统中，这广泛阻碍了它们在水环境中的应用。在此，我们设计了一种基于PVA/TA水凝胶的超分子导电聚乙烯醇（PVA）和单宁酸（TA）。由于PVA和TA之间有效的氢键作用，水凝胶具有一些独特的性能，包括抗膨胀、拉伸、自修复和形状记忆。 PVA/TA超分子水凝胶表现出优异的电性能，干燥条件下的电导率和应变系数（GF）分别为5.5 × 10 S/cm和1.3，湿条件下的电导率和应变系数（GF）分别为5.0 × 10 S/cm和1.2。该多功能水凝胶表现出优异的机械性能，水凝胶的最大拉伸强度为700 kPa，伸长率为4700%。此外，水凝胶还具有优异的形状记忆和自修复特性。此外，该水凝胶具有出色的生物相容性、抗膨胀特性，并在水下发挥长期稳定性以检测人体运动。基于优异的抗膨胀性和稳定性、高导电性和非凡的拉伸能力，水凝胶可能被认为是两栖运动传感器应用的有希望的候选者。