Rising emergence in public health due to antibiotic-resistant of ESKAPE pathogens, diseases related to oxidative damage and cancer has driven the urgent need to develop potent therapeutics for resistant bacterial strains, free radical scavenging and cancer. The present study involves seed extracts mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles and to evaluate its ameliorative potency against ESKAPE pathogens, free radicals and cancer cells. The study includes therapeutic approaches to target pathogenic biofilms relating phyto-therapeutics with nanotechnology. In the present investigation, we have synthesized four metal oxide nanoparticles of Silver, Zinc, Copper (AgO, ZnO and CuO), and Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the seed extracts of . The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various biophysical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) with Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Agar well diffusion methods, or Antimicrobial methods (MIC, MBC, and MBIC), DPPH/ABTS free radical scavenging assay, MTT/apoptotic studies and protein/DNA damage inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Crystalline properties of metal oxides NPs were established by XRD pattern and the presence of alcohol or phenol, ketone, and amine groups in seed was confirmed by FTIR analysis. That participates in the reduction of Ag+, Cu+, Zn+, and Au+ ions to NPs. All the nanoparticles showed dose-dependent antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Protein and DNA oxidation inhibition assays demonstrated an efficient quenching effect of proxy radicals by all the NPs. Therefore, mediated synthesis of metal NPs can be used as an alternative to toxic physical or chemically mediated synthesis that can be applied to develop multifunctional nanoparticles as efficient therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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利用罗汉果种子提取物合成多功能氧化银、氧化锌、氧化铜和金纳米粒子，以增强对 ESKAPE 病原体的抗菌活性以及抗氧化、抗癌活性

由于 ESKAPE 病原体的抗生素耐药性、氧化损伤相关疾病和癌症在公共卫生领域的出现不断增加，迫切需要开发针对耐药菌株、自由基清除和癌症的有效疗法。本研究涉及种子提取物介导的金属纳米颗粒的合成，并评估其对 ESKAPE 病原体、自由基和癌细胞的改善效力。该研究包括针对与纳米技术相关的植物治疗的致病性生物膜的治疗方法。在本研究中，我们利用种子提取物合成了银、锌、铜（AgO、ZnO 和 CuO）和金纳米颗粒（Au NP）四种金属氧化物纳米颗粒。通过各种生物物理技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行了表征，如 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、能量色散 X 射线场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)光谱 (EDX) 和高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM) 以及选区电子衍射 (SAED)。进行琼脂孔扩散法或抗菌方法（MIC、MBC和MBIC）、DPPH/ABTS自由基清除测定、MTT/细胞凋亡研究和蛋白质/DNA损伤抑制测定来评价抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性。通过 XRD 图确定了金属氧化物纳米粒子的晶体特性，并通过 FTIR 分析证实了种子中醇或酚、酮和胺基的存在。它参与将 Ag+、Cu+、Zn+ 和 Au+ 离子还原为 NP。所有纳米颗粒均表现出剂量依赖性抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性。蛋白质和 DNA 氧化抑制测定表明所有 NP 对代理自由基具有有效的猝灭作用。因此，金属纳米颗粒的介导合成可以作为有毒物理或化学介导合成的替代方案，可用于开发多功能纳米颗粒作为有效的治疗方法。