In cancer treatment, although prodrugs have been developed to overcome obstacles such as undesirable pharmacokinetic performance and serious off-target toxicity of most chemotherapeutics, the combination of prodrugs with nanotechnology could be used to overcome the shortcomings of conventional prodrug strategies and facilitate more efficient drug delivery and accumulation of anticancer prodrugs at specific sites/tissues. Phototherapy is a method that uses near-infrared (NIR) light to achieve local and non-invasive tumor therapy. The combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy has shown many therapeutic advantages, including synergistic therapeutic effects and the reduction of toxic and side effects of drugs through dose reduction. In this work, a hydrazone linkage was reported to conjugate TiCT MXene nanosheets with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) benzaldehyde (mPEG-CHO) through a chemical surface modification to form a two-dimensional (2D) nano-prodrug TiCT-DOX/PEG (TDP) for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. First, hydrazide functionalized TiCT was obtained. Then, the carbonyl group of DOX and the aldehyde group of mPEG-CHO can form a pH-responsive hydrazone bond with hydrazide-functionalized TiCT. The high surface area of TiCT could overcome the reduced drug loading caused by conjugation. Aqueous stability and biocompatibility were enhanced by the introduction of PEG, making the material capable of prolonged circulation in the body's bloodstream. By achieving excellent antitumor results with this nano-prodrug, we have added another brick to the edifice of TiCT MXene as an anticancer drug carrier, and given new vitality to the study of anticancer prodrugs combined with nanotechnology.

中文翻译：

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用于协同化学光热疗法治疗癌症的二维 MXene 纳米前药

在癌症治疗中，尽管已开发出前药来克服大多数化疗药物不良的药代动力学性能和严重的脱靶毒性等障碍，但前药与纳米技术的结合可用于克服传统前药策略的缺点并促进更有效的药物递送以及抗癌前药在特定部位/组织的积累。光疗是一种利用近红外（NIR）光实现局部、非侵入性肿瘤治疗的方法。化疗和光疗的联合显示出许多治疗优势，包括协同治疗作用以及通过减少剂量减少药物的毒副作用。在这项工作中，报道了腙键通过化学表面修饰将 TiCT MXene 纳米片与盐酸阿霉素 (DOX) 和甲氧基聚乙二醇苯甲醛 (mPEG-CHO) 缀合，形成二维 (2D) 纳米前药TiCT-DOX/PEG (TDP) 用于协同化学光热疗法。首先，获得酰肼功能化的TiCT。然后，DOX 的羰基和 mPEG-CHO 的醛基可以与酰肼官能化的 TiCT 形成 pH 响应性腙键。 TiCT的高表面积可以克服缀合引起的载药量降低的问题。 PEG的引入增强了水稳定性和生物相容性，使该材料能够在人体血液中长时间循环。该纳米前药取得了优异的抗肿瘤效果，为TiCT MXene作为抗癌药物载体的大厦又增添了一块砖，为抗癌前药与纳米技术相结合的研究注入了新的活力。