Extinction risk assessments are valuable conservation tools, especially for sensitive groups like amphibians, which are facing escalating threats from habitat loss and degradation. In this scenario, Brazil stands out as a pivotal player in amphibian conservation due to its exceptional amphibian diversity. Between 2010 and 2014, 973 amphibian species were assessed in Brazil. More recently, from 2017 to 2018, this number increased to 1096. In this study, we (1) compare the extinction risk status of Brazilian amphibians between the 1st and 2nd assessments; (2) evaluate the reasons for changes in status; (3) identify the main threats and research recommendations; and (4) analyze the spatial patterns of threatened species in relation to protected areas and ecoregions in Brazil. Our findings reveal an increase in the number of threatened species from the first to the second assessment. The categories of Least Concern and Critically Endangered experienced the most significant increases, with 169 and 16 more species, respectively, while the count of Data Deficient species dropped by 71. The primary factor contributing to these changes is the availability of new, more precise information, affecting 134 species, or 85.4% of the cases. Threatened species are predominantly clustered within the Atlantic Forest biome, itself the most endangered biome in Brazil, hosting 46 species, or 78% of the total. Notably, one-third of threatened species in Brazil do not inhabit protected areas and thus require immediate conservation attention. While substantial progress has been made in understanding Brazilian amphibians in recent years, an urgent need persists for fundamental research. This research should encompass taxonomy, natural history, and the evaluation of threat impacts, providing a robust foundation for more effective conservation efforts concerning this group.

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巴西两栖动物保护状况：空间格局、威胁和挑战

灭绝风险评估是宝贵的保护工具，特别是对于两栖动物等敏感群体来说，它们面临着栖息地丧失和退化日益严重的威胁。在这种情况下，巴西因其独特的两栖动物多样性而成为两栖动物保护的关键参与者。 2010 年至 2014 年间，巴西对 973 种两栖动物进行了评估。最近，从 2017 年到 2018 年，这个数字增加到 1096 个。在这项研究中，我们 (1) 比较了第一次和第二次评估之间巴西两栖动物的灭绝风险状况； （二）评估身份变更的原因； （3）识别主要威胁和研究建议； (4) 分析巴西保护区和生态区受威胁物种的空间格局。我们的研究结果显示，从第一次评估到第二次评估，受威胁物种的数量有所增加。最不受关注和极度濒危类别的增加最为显着，分别增加了 169 种和 16 种，而数据缺乏物种的数量则减少了 71 种。造成这些变化的主要因素是新的、更准确的信息的可用性，影响 134 个物种，占病例的 85.4%。受威胁物种主要集中在大西洋森林生物群落内，该生物群落本身就是巴西最濒危的生物群落，拥有 46 个物种，占总数的 78%。值得注意的是，巴西三分之一的受威胁物种并不栖息在保护区，因此需要立即予以保护。尽管近年来在了解巴西两栖动物方面取得了实质性进展，但基础研究的迫切需要仍然存在。这项研究应涵盖分类学、自然历史和威胁影响评估，为更有效地保护该群体提供坚实的基础。