This paper considers the problem of optimizing minimum-time and minimum-propellant many-revolution low-thrust geocentric orbit-raising maneuvers to an arbitrary target. The proposed direct single-shooting technique utilizes the regularized element set as well as analytical models for ephemeris, shadow geometry, and thrust magnitude for ease of the optimization procedure. Third body and effects are included for higher fidelity of the computed solution. The gradient information supplied through adjoint sensitivities facilitates the convergence of the numerical optimization scheme. We also propose a new automated, fast and robust initial guess generation methodology by solving a sequence of unconstrained optimization orbit-raising sub-problems. The performance of the developed algorithm is demonstrated for orbit-raising to a variety of targets: the geosynchronous equatorial orbit, the Molniya orbit, and a near-rectilinear halo orbit.

中文翻译：

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使用伴随灵敏度直接优化低推力升轨机动

本文考虑优化针对任意目标的最短时间和最少推进剂多转低推力地心升轨机动问题。所提出的直接单次射击技术利用正则化元素集以及星历、阴影几何和推力大小的分析模型，以简化优化过程。包含第三个主体和效果，以提高计算解决方案的保真度。通过伴随灵敏度提供的梯度信息有助于数值优化方案的收敛。我们还通过解决一系列无约束优化轨道提升子问题，提出了一种新的自动化、快速且稳健的初始猜测生成方法。所开发算法的性能被证明可用于向各种目标升轨：地球同步赤道轨道、Molniya 轨道和近直线晕轨道。