Solid waste is increasing rapidly worldwide. In this study, the solid waste (household waste, construction and demolition waste and industrial waste) management systems are treated as reverse supply chain to analyze the critical operational issues based on complex adaptive system theory. At the single-layer, the complexity of the various nodes at a layer arises from rational decision-making and behavioral heterogeneity. The solid waste generation layer is employed as an example to investigate the complexity of node behavioral decisions. Regression analysis results reveal that both endogenous (Attitude, Subjective norm, and Perceived behavioral control) and exogenous factors (Economic incentive, Government supervision, Technical support) positively influence sorting behavior. The effect of Economic incentive () and Attitude () on sorting behavior are the largest. In the multi-layer system, different layers communicate with each other through the material and financial flows and have cross-layer impacts. An agent-based model is developed to investigate the multi-layer feedforward influence mechanism of changes in key layers (e.g., sorting rate, disposal rate) and the material and financial flows adaptive adjustment direction of the solid waste reverse supply chain. High rate of participation and accuracy of source sorting can shorten material flow paths and reduce storage and transportation costs. The increase in disposal rate encourages the transition of solid waste from backfill to resource utilization. This study provides a practice reference for solid waste reverse supply chain and related enterprises managers.

中文翻译：

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固体废物逆向供应链的实证和模拟研究：复杂自适应系统视角

全球范围内的固体废物正在迅速增加。本研究将固体废物（生活垃圾、建筑拆除废物和工业废物）管理系统视为逆向供应链，基于复杂自适应系统理论来分析关键的运营问题。在单层，一层各节点的复杂性源于理性决策和行为异构性。以固废产生层为例，考察节点行为决策的复杂性。回归分析结果表明，内生因素（态度、主观规范、感知行为控制）和外生因素（经济激励、政府监管、技术支持）均对分拣行为产生正向影响。经济激励（）和态度（）对排序行为的影响最大。在多层系统中，不同层之间通过物质流、资金流相互沟通，产生跨层影响。建立基于Agent的模型，研究固废逆向供应链关键层（如分选率、处置率）变化的多层前馈影响机制以及物流和资金流自适应调整方向。源头分拣的高参与率和准确率可以缩短物料流转路径，降低仓储和运输成本。处置率的提高，鼓励固体废物从回填向资源化利用转变。本研究为固废逆向供应链及相关企业管理者提供实践参考。