In bone tissue engineering, the bone immunomodulatory properties of biomaterials are critical for bone regeneration, which is a synergistic process involving physiological activities like immune response, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. The effect of the macrophage immune microenvironment on the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of various material extracts was examined in this experiment using Mg2+ and Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) in both a single application and a combined form. This study in vitro revealed that the two compounds combined significantly inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the release of inflammatory factors from macrophages when compared with the extraction phase alone. Additionally, by contributing to the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 type, the combined effects of the two materials can significantly improve osteogenesis/angiogenesis. The results of in vivo experiments confirmed that Mg2+/nHAC significantly promoted bone regeneration and angiogenesis. This study offers a promising method for enhancing bone graft material osseointegration.

中文翻译：

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镁离子与矿化胶原蛋白通过调节体外和体内巨噬细胞极化对成骨/血管生成特性的协同作用

在骨组织工程中，生物材料的骨免疫调节特性对于骨再生至关重要，骨再生是一个涉及免疫反应、成骨和血管生成等生理活动的协同过程。本实验以单一应用和组合形式使用 Mg2+ 和纳米羟基磷灰石/胶原 (nHAC)，检查了巨噬细胞免疫微环境对各种材料提取物的成骨和血管生成的影响。这项体外研究表明，与单独提取相相比，两种化合物组合显着抑制 NF-κB 信号通路，并减少巨噬细胞释放炎症因子。此外，通过促进巨噬细胞向 M2 型极化，两种材料的联合作用可以显着改善成骨/血管生成。体内实验结果证实Mg2+/nHAC显着促进骨再生和血管生成。这项研究为增强骨移植材料骨整合提供了一种有前途的方法。