Kinematically persistent planes (KPPs) of satellites are fixed sets of satellites co-orbiting around their host galaxy, whose orbital poles are conserved and clustered across long cosmic time intervals. They play the role of “skeletons,” ensuring the long-term durability of positional planes. We explore the physical processes behind their formation in terms of the dynamics of the local cosmic web (CW), characterized via the so-called Lagrangian volumes (LVs) built up around two zoom-in, cosmological hydro-simulations of Milky Way–mass disk galaxy + satellites systems, where three KPPs have been identified. By analyzing the LV deformations in terms of the reduced tensor of inertia (TOI), we find an outstanding alignment between the LV principal directions and the KPP satellites’ orbital poles. The most compressive local mass flows (along the eˆ3 eigenvector) are strong at early times, feeding the so-called eˆ3 -structure, while the smallest TOI axis rapidly decreases. The eˆ3 -structure collapse marks the end of this regime and is the timescale for the establishment of satellite orbital pole clustering when the Universe is ≲4 Gyr old. KPP protosatellites aligned with eˆ3 are those whose orbital poles are either aligned from early times or have been successfully bent at eˆ3 -structure collapse. KPP satellites associated with eˆ1 tend to have early trajectories already parallel to eˆ3 . We show that KPPs can arise as a result of the ΛCDM-predicted large-scale dynamics acting on particular sets of protosatellites, the same dynamics that shape the local CW environment.

中文翻译：

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ΛCDM 中宇宙网早期演化驱动的卫星运动持久平面的起源

卫星的运动持久平面（KPP）是围绕其宿主星系共轨的固定卫星组，其轨道极在较长的​​宇宙时间间隔内是守恒的和聚集的。它们扮演着“骨骼”的角色，确保位置平面的长期耐用性。我们根据局部宇宙网（CW）的动力学来探索它们形成背后的物理过程，其特征是围绕银河系质量的两个放大宇宙水力模拟建立的所谓拉格朗日体积（LV）盘状星系+卫星系统，已识别出三个 KPP。通过根据减少惯性张量 (TOI) 分析 LV 变形，我们发现 LV 主方向与 KPP 卫星轨道极点之间存在显着的对准。最具压缩性的局部质量流（沿 e^3 特征向量）在早期就很强大，为所谓的 e^3 -结构，而最小的TOI轴迅速减小。这 e^3 -结构崩溃标志着这一状态的结束，也是宇宙年龄≲4 Gyr时卫星轨道极簇建立的时间尺度。 KPP 原卫星与 e^3 是那些轨道极点从早期就对齐或已成功弯曲的轨道 e^3 -结构倒塌。 KPP 卫星与 e^1 往往早期轨迹已经平行于 e^3 。我们表明，KPP 可能是由于 ΛCDM 预测的大规模动力学作用于特定的原卫星组而产生的，这与塑造当地 CW 环境的动力学相同。