Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer has been shown to reduce lung cancer-specific mortality in two large, randomised trials [1, 2], and implementation of screening is currently underway in many high- and middle-income countries [3]. Of those people responding to an invitation for lung cancer screening and subsequently eligible, between 30% and 50% are currently smoking [4, 5]. Evidence of the impact of screening alone on smoking cessation rates in randomised trials is mixed. Three studies have compared quit rates in participants randomised to LDCT screening versus a non-screened control group, with one study showing an increased quit rate in the screened group [6], one study showing no difference between screened and non-screened participants [7], and one study showing a higher quit rate in non-screened participants, although this effect did not persist after intention-to-treat analysis [8]. Importantly, smoking cessation interventions were minimal in all three studies, comprising signposting to existing services, written information to support quit attempts and (in one study) very brief advice [6–8].

两项大型随机试验显示，低剂量计算机断层扫描 (LDCT) 筛查肺癌可降低肺癌特异性死亡率 [1, 2]，许多高收入和中等收入国家目前正在实施筛查[3]。在那些响应肺癌筛查邀请并随后符合资格的人中，30% 到 50% 目前正在吸烟 [4, 5]。随机试验中单独筛查对戒烟率影响的证据好坏参半。三项研究比较了随机接受 LDCT 筛查的参与者与未筛查对照组的戒烟率，其中一项研究显示筛查组的戒烟率有所增加 [6]，一项研究显示筛查组和未筛查参与者之间没有差异 [7 ]，一项研究显示，未经筛选的参与者的戒烟率较高，尽管这种效应在意向治疗分析后并未持续存在[8]。重要的是，所有三项研究中的戒烟干预措施都很少，包括现有服务的路标、支持戒烟尝试的书面信息以及（在一项研究中）非常简短的建议[6-8]。