Background COVID-19 and malaria cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Co-infection of these diseases can worsen their impact on public health. This review aims to synthesize literature on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and malaria co-infection to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MeSH terms and keywords from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to January 2023. The review included original articles on COVID-19 and malaria co-infection, evaluating their methodological quality and certainty of evidence. It was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023393562). Results Out of 1,596 screened articles, 19 met the inclusion criteria. These studies involved 2,810 patients, 618 of whom had COVID-19 and malaria co-infection. Plasmodium falciparum and vivax were identified as causative organisms in six studies. Hospital admission ranged from three to 18 days. Nine studies associated co-infection with severe disease, ICU admission, assisted ventilation, and related complications. One study reported 6% ICU admission, and mortality rates of 3%, 9.4%, and 40.4% were observed in four studies. Estimated crude mortality rates were 10.71 and 5.87 per 1,000 person-days for patients with and without concurrent malaria, respectively. Common co-morbidities included Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders. Conclusion Most patients with COVID-19 and malaria co-infection experienced short-term hospitalization and mild to moderate disease severity. However, at presentation, co-morbidities and severe malaria were significantly associated with higher mortality or worse clinical outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection, prompt treatment, and close monitoring of patients with COVID-19 and malaria co-infection.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 和疟疾合并感染：流行地区临床结果的系统评价

背景 COVID-19 和疟疾在全球范围内造成显着的发病率和死亡率。这些疾病的共同感染可能会加剧其对公共健康的影响。本综述旨在综合有关 COVID-19 和疟疾混合感染临床结果的文献，以制定有效的预防和治疗策略。方法 使用 MeSH 术语和关键词对从 COVID-19 大流行开始到 2023 年 1 月期间进行的全面文献检索。该综述包括有关 COVID-19 和疟疾合并感染的原始文章，评估其方法学质量和证据的确定性。它已在 PROSPERO 中注册（CRD42023393562）。结果 在 1,596 篇筛选文章中，19 篇符合纳入标准。这些研究涉及 2,810 名患者，其中 618 名患者同时感染了 COVID-19 和疟疾。在六项研究中，恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫被确定为致病微生物。住院时间为 3 至 18 天。九项研究将合并感染与严重疾病、入住 ICU、辅助通气和相关并发症相关联。一项研究报告称 6% 的患者入住 ICU，四项研究中观察到的死亡率分别为 3%、9.4% 和 40.4%。患有和不患有疟疾的患者的粗死亡率估计分别为每 1000 人日 10.71 人和 5.87 人。常见的合并症包括糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病。结论 大多数 COVID-19 和疟疾合并感染患者住院时间较短，病情严重程度为轻至中度。然而，就目前而言，合并症和严重疟疾与较高的死亡率或较差的临床结果显着相关。这些发现强调了早期发现、及时治疗和密切监测 COVID-19 和疟疾合并感染患者的重要性。