Malaria remains a burden globally, with the African region accounting for 94% of the overall disease burden and deaths in 2019. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a shortage of information on how they may influence malaria transmission among under-fives in Nigeria. This study was based on the secondary data analysis of the Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2021. The study sample comprised 10,645 women (aged 15–49) who delivered a child in the 2 years preceding the survey. The study was restricted to under-fives. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of malaria. There was a positive association between the risk of malaria and heard/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19–1.62), houses with walls built using rudimentary materials (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.83), at least 6 children living in the house (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.49), children being 1 or 2 years old was associated with increased odds (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.50–2.34 and AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.52–2.36), children from households with only treated nets (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) and those from the North West or South East regions (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.05 and AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.16), respectively. All other predictors were not associated with the risk of malaria. The factors associated with the risk of malaria in this study included sleeping under treated mosquito nets, the age of the children, residing in the northwest and southeast regions, wall construction material, 6 children and above in the household and hearing/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months. Continuous health education and public health interventions, such as the provision of LLITNs, will reduce the risk of malaria and improve the health and well-being of children under 5 years of age.

中文翻译：

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儿童疟疾风险相关因素：2021 年尼日利亚疟疾指标调查分析

疟疾仍然是全球的一个负担，2019 年非洲地区占总体疾病负担和死亡的 94%。它是尼日利亚儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。尽管已经评估了不同的环境因素对疟疾媒介的分布和传播的影响，但关于它们如何影响尼日利亚五岁以下儿童中疟疾传播的信息却很缺乏。本研究基于 2021 年尼日利亚疟疾指标调查的二次数据分析。研究样本包括在调查前 2 年内生育过的 10,645 名女性（15-49 岁）。该研究仅限于五岁以下儿童。逻辑回归用于识别与疟疾风险相关的因素。疟疾风险与过去 6 个月听到/看到的疟疾信息之间存在正相关（AOR = 1.39，95% CI 1.19–1.62），墙壁使用基本材料建造的房屋（AOR = 1.38，95% CI 1.04–） 1.83），至少有 6 个孩子住在房子里（AOR 1.22，95% CI 1.00–1.49），1 岁或 2 岁的儿童与几率增加相关（AOR 1.89，95% CI 1.50–2.34 和 AOR 1.89，95 % CI 1.52–2.36)、来自仅使用经过处理的蚊帐的家庭的儿童 (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) 以及来自西北或东南地区的儿童 (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.05 和 AOR 1.48, 95) % CI 1.01–2.16)，分别。所有其他预测因素均与疟疾风险无关。本研究中与疟疾风险相关的因素包括在经处理的蚊帐下睡觉、儿童的年龄、居住在西北和东南地区、墙壁建筑材料、家庭中有 6 名及以上儿童以及听到/看到的疟疾信息过去 6 个月。持续的健康教育和公共卫生干预措施，例如提供 LLITN，将降低疟疾风险并改善 5 岁以下儿童的健康和福祉。